An ultrasonication-assisted in situ deposition strategy was applied for the uniform decoration of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles on vertical aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) to construct Ag@TiO2 NTAs composite. Ag nanoparticles act as efficient surface plasmon resonance (SPR) photosensitizers for driving photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation. The Ag nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the surface and inside of the highly oriented TiO2 nanotubes. The visible-light-driven hydrogen production activities of silver nanoparticles anchored TiO2 nanotube arrays photocatalysts were evaluated by using methanol as sacrificial reagent in water under a 500 W Xe lamp with a UV light cutoff filter (λ ≥ 420 nm). It was found that the hydrogen production rate of Ag@TiO2 NTAs prepared by ultrasonication-assisted deposition for 5 min was approximately 15 times higher than that of the pristine TiO2 NTAs counterpart. The highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is attributed to the SPR effect of Ag for enhanced visible light absorption and boosting photogenerated electron-hole separation/transfer. This strategy is promising to design and construct high efficiency TiO2 based photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.