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Royal Society of Chemistry, Dalton Transactions, 40(44), p. 17529-17543, 2015

DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02787j

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Reusable manganese compounds containing pyrazole-based ligands for olefin epoxidation reactions

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This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

We describe the synthesis of new manganese(ii) and manganese(iii) complexes containing the bidentate ligands 2-(3-pyrazolyl)pyridine, pypz-H, and 3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazole, HOphpz-H, with formula [MnX2(pypz-H)2] (X = Cl(-), , CF3SO3(-), , OAc(-), or NO3(-) ()), [MnCl2(pypz-H)(H2O)2], , or [MnCl(Ophpz-H)2], . All the complexes have been characterized through analytical, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Single X-ray structure analysis revealed a six-coordinated Mn(ii) ion in complexes , and a five-coordinated Mn(iii) ion in complex . Compound is the first co-crystal of Mn(ii) containing Cl and H2O ligands together with bidentate nitrogen ligands. The catalytic activity of complexes has been tested with regard to the epoxidation of styrene and, in the case of , and , other alkenes have been epoxidized using peracetic acid as oxidant in different media, among which glycerol, a green solvent never used in epoxidation reactions using peracetic acid as oxidant. The catalysts show moderate to high conversions and selectivities towards the corresponding epoxides. For complexes , and , a certain degree of cis → trans isomerization is observed in the case of cis-β-methylstyrene. These observations have been explained through computational calculations. The reutilization of catalysts and for the epoxidation of alkenes has been evaluated in [bmim] : acetonitrile mixture (bmim = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium), allowing the effective recyclability of the catalytic system and keeping high conversion and selectivity values up to 12 successive runs, in all cases.