Royal Society of Chemistry, Journal of Materials Chemistry A: materials for energy and sustainability, 46(2), p. 19623-19632, 2014
DOI: 10.1039/c4ta03948c
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Structurally stabilized Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance can be obtained by functional incorporating functional pillar ions into the structure. As pillar ions, K-ions have a larger ionic radius compared to Na-ions, and play an important role in enlarging the Na-ion diffusion pathway and in increasing the lattice volume by elongating the c-axis, thereby improving the rate performance. Furthermore, since the incorporated K-ions rarely participate in the electrochemical extraction/insertion reactions, they can stabilize the Na3V2(PO4)3 structure by suppressing significant lattice volume changes or structural distortion, even in a wide range of voltage windows accompanying multiple transitions of V ions and phase distortions. We investigated how of the K-ion doping level affected the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for Na-ion batteries.