Published in
Royal Society of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18(23), p. 10899-10908, 2021
DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05978d
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A broad-range variable-temperature solid state NMR spectral and relaxation investigation of the water state in Nafion 117
Journal article published in 2021 by
Ren-Hao Cheng,
Honghao Cai,
Yu-Ren Huang,
Xiaohong Cui 
,
Zhong Chen ,
Hsuan-Ying Chen ,
Shangwu Ding
,
Zhong Chen ,
Hsuan-Ying Chen ,
Shangwu Ding
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Abstract
Variable temperature solid state NMR shows that ice formation inside Nafion is a gradual process, liquid water remains even at −70 °C, freezing starts from the pore center and the size of ice depends on the type of the cation and sulfonate rotation.