Simulation models provide useful tools to support decision-making in military workforce planning and management context. This paper presents a literature review of the applications of three most common simulation-based modeling methods in the field of military workforce planning and management: system dynamics, agent-based modeling, and discrete-event simulation. The review consolidates the current state of using these methods in the subject area and also provides a reader with a structured approach to navigation through the subject domain. Findings from this literature review shed light on the research gaps, and potential directions for future research. We present common themes and insights from the review, along with our recommendations for future research. These recommendations are consistent with rigorous research principles and good modeling practices.