Objective: To compare the neuropsychological effects of temporal lobectomy (TL) and amygdalohippocampectomy (AH), depending on whether the patients had passed or failed the Wada test. Methods: We compared changes in neuropsychological scores in patients who underwent TL (n = 91) or AH ( n = 15), and had passed or failed the Wada test. Comparisons were carried out in all 106 patients and among the 20 patients who failed the Wada test ( 12 who had TL and 8 who had AH). Results: No patient became globally amnesic after surgery. Among all patients, no differences were found in pre-surgical or change scores ( percentage of change after surgery compared with preoperative values) of neuropsychological tests between patients who underwent TL or AH. Among patients who failed the Wada test, those in the TL group showed higher visual memory impairment (p