<b><i>Background:</i></b> The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>BDNF</i>) variants on diabetes prevalence, basal adipokine levels, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear in obese patients. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study is aimed at analyzing the effects of rs10767664 <i>BDNF gene </i>polymorphism on diabetes mellitus prevalence, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum adipokine levels in obese female patients. <b><i>Design:</i></b> A total of 507 obese women were enrolled in a prospective way. Biochemical evaluation and anthropometric measures were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The frequency of diabetes mellitus in the group of patients with non-T allele was 20.1 and 28.3% in T-allele carriers. Logistic regression showed a risk of diabetes mellitus of 1.33 (95% CI 1.17-2.08) in subjects with T allele adjusted by age and body mass index (BMI). T-allele carriers with diabetes mellitus have a higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels than non-T-allele carriers. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> rs10767664 polymorphism of <i>BDNF gene</i> is associated with prevalence of diabetes mellitus in obese female patients. T-allele carriers with diabetes mellitus have a higher weight, fat mass, blood pressure, level of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and CRP than non-T-allele carriers.