Published in
Wiley, Journal of Fish Biology, 3(80), p. 713-721, 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03198.x
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Are shoals of minnow Phoxinus phoxinus formed by close kin?
Journal article published in 2012 by
Benjamin Bernhardt,
Kathrin P. Lampert,
Florian Leese 
,
Christoph Mayer,
Ralph Tollrian
,
Christoph Mayer,
Ralph Tollrian
This paper is available in a repository.
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Abstract
A molecular analysis examining the level of relatedness in shoaling minnows Phoxinus phoxinus was conducted. The results revealed that individuals from within the same shoal were not more closely related to each other than to individuals from other shoals. This led to the conclusion that Schreckstoff may be less likely to have evolved in the context of kin selection.