Objective: To determine the ambulatory outcome and predictive factors of successful ambulation training in patients with both hemiplegia and lower extremity amputation . Design: A retrospective study. Setting: A rehabilitation center of a university hospital. Patients: Twenty-three patients with dual disabilities consecutively admitted to the rehabilitation center from 1984 to 1994. Main Outcome Measures: Ambulatory outcome was measured using physical therapists' and physicians' notes at discharge or the last available clinical visit. Ambulation ability was graded as community and noncommunity ambulation, which included indoor ambulation and nonambulation. Several clinical features were reviewed to assess their association with ambulation outcome. Results: About two thirds of the 23 patients could be trained to be ambulatory: 10 (43.8%) achieved community ambulation and 5 (21.7%) achieved indoor ambulation. Of the clinical factors, only mental status showed a statistically significant association with good ambulation outcome (p