Nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) is the largest known remaining anthropogenic threat to the stratospheric ozone layer. However, it is currently only regulated under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol because of its simultaneous ability to warm the climate. The threat N ₂ O poses to the stratospheric ozone layer, coupled with the uncertain future of the international climate regime, motivates our exploration of issues that could be relevant to the Parties to the ozone regime (the 1985 Vienna Convention and its 1987 Montreal Protocol) should they decide to take measures to manage N ₂ O in the future. There are clear legal avenues to regulate N ₂ O under the ozone regime as well as several ways to share authority with the existing and future international climate treaties. N ₂ O mitigation strategies exist to address the most significant anthropogenic sources, including agriculture, where behavioral practices and new technologies could contribute significantly to reducing emissions. Existing policies managing N ₂ O and other forms of reactive nitrogen could be harnessed and built on by the ozone regime to implement N ₂ O controls. There are several challenges and potential cobenefits to N ₂ O control which we discuss here: food security, equity, and implications of the nitrogen cascade. The possible inclusion of N ₂ O in the ozone regime need not be viewed as a sign of failure of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to adequately deal with climate change. Rather, it could represent an additional valuable tool in sustainable development diplomacy.