AbstractThe interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is useful for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), however the rate of negative conversion is high, especially in dialysis patients. Few studies have focused on predicting persistently positive patients who are at high risk of tuberculosis reactivation. We screened dialysis patients, and used QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) to identify LTBI. Of the 157 participants who had initially positive QFT-GIT, 82 had persistently positivity and 75 had negative conversion. The persistently positive group were younger, more were current smokers, and had higher plasma level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and QFT-GIT responses than the negative conversion group. Multivariate logistic regression for persistent positivity revealed that high plasma sTREM-1 and QFT-GIT response, young age and TB contact history were independent factors. Currently smoking had borderline significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the multi-factor model was 0.878, higher than 0.821 by QFT-GIT response of 0.95 IU/ml. In conclusion, dialysis patients with persistent LTBI status may be associated with a young age, high plasma sTREM-1, strong QFT-GIT response, currently smoking, and TB contact history. If resources are limited, these five predictors can be used to prioritize QFT-GIT-positive dialysis patients for LTBI treatment.