Medical therapy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has two primary goals- to prevent recurrent thromboembolic events and to reduce right ventricular afterload with targeted medications (vasodilators) for pulmonary hypertension. These medical strategies are used in conjunction with mechanical treatments for CTEPH (pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) or balloon angioplasty). In the context of this review, we discuss anticoagulation strategies, patient selection for vasodilator therapy with particular focus on hemodynamic and clinically meaningful definitions of residual pulmonary hypertension after PTE and inoperable disease and then summarize the current randomized clinical trials (RCT) which have studied effectiveness of vasodilators in patients with CTEPH.