In this chapter, the authors discuss the relationship between culture and personality. A standard theoretical position that these two concepts are inseparably entangled is challenged. Understanding of the relationship between culture and personality has developed under the pressure of two opposite principles, one of which postulates that all human beings, regardless of their culture or race, share the same basic psychological and cognitive make-up, and the second, which maintains that everything around us is produced by culture, which penetrates even the deepest layers of the human mind. Because little in nature and especially in culture meet universality criteria in the strict sense, universalism and relativism are not two mutually excluding alternatives. Universal and culture-specific aspects of personality and psychopathology are discussed. Although personality psychology has been very fascinated by all kinds of cultural differences and unique details, it has predominantly been the psychic unity of humankind that has emerged from cross-cultural studies.