Abstract Treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the preferred method for the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wooden objects. However, PEG impregnation leads to softening and increased hygroscopicity of the material. The present study compiles experimental results concerning the full elastic properties of PEG impregnated archaeological wood from the Vasa ship in relation to its basic density, PEG content (PEGC) and moisture content (MC). The results show a correlation between a more porous microstructure and high PEGC, and consequently, higher MC. The PEG and moisture contribute to the mass of the wooden object as well as to the softening of the material, which are undesired properties in a larger load-carrying wooden structure. A compromise between the improved dimensional stability and degradation of mechanical properties should therefore be considered in the conservation of wooden objects treated with PEG.