Background: Studies suggest that the high incidence of multiple births following in vitro fertilization (IVF) is responsible for poor perinatal outcomes. However previous studies have found an elevated risk of singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF were at a significantly greater risk of delivering prematurely. The study aimed to compare the early neonatal outcome between singletons achieved by IVF and spontaneous conception. Materials and Methods: All IVF singleton children born between March 2010 and April 2012 at our hospital were subjected to the study and compared with spontaneously conceived singletons (matched for maternal age, parity and smoking habits). Groups were compared in terms of prematurity, low birth weight, major neonatal morbidities, length of hospitalization and mortality. Results: 271 cases in both groups were enrolled to the study. Mean gestational age and mean birth weight were significantly lower in IVF group (p ; Background: Studies suggest that the high incidence of multiple births following in vitro fertilization (IVF) is responsible for poor perinatal outcomes. However previous studies have found an elevated risk of singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF were at a significantly greater risk of delivering prematurely. The study aimed to compare the early neonatal outcome between singletons achieved by IVF and spontaneous conception. Materials and Methods: All IVF singleton children born between March 2010 and April 2012 at our hospital were subjected to the study and compared with spontaneously conceived singletons (matched for maternal age, parity and smoking habits). Groups were compared in terms of prematurity, low birth weight, major neonatal morbidities, length of hospitalization and mortality. Results: 271 cases in both groups were enrolled to the study. Mean gestational age and mean birth weight were significantly lower in IVF group (p