Understanding the genetics of drought tolerance is a major goal of plant breeders, especially in the Mediterranean region due to its sensitivity to drought and climate changes. Here we investigated genomic regions associated with heading date and yield under rainfed (R) and irrigated (I) conditions, along with some drought tolerance indices derived from phenotypic data collected on a panel of 83 European barley cultivars evaluated in field trials in Foggia, southern Italy, for three growing seasons. A genome wide association analysis (GWAS) was carried out using gene-based SNPs incorporated in the Illumina iSELECT Chip with known map position. A total of 4169 polymorphic SNPs were considered after filtering out SNPs with >10 % missing data and