We studied the influence of emissions from rice straw combustion on bronchial asthma. The following issues became clear by questionnaire： (1)many parents whose children have bronchial asthma have impression that emissions from rice straw combustion trigger asthma attack, (2)they hope burning rice straw will be abolished immediately. Pediatricians in Niigata prefecture similarly replied to the questionnaire. fact, the number of children with asthma attack consulting our emergency dispensary or hospitalization has increased in the season of rice straw combustion. According to the weather data from the 4 th week of August to the 3 rd week of September for three years, it is suggested the increase of asthma children may not be due to the weather condition, but due to the influence of emissions from rice straw combustion. We actually tried to expose a volunteer adult with chronic asthma to the emissions. Consequently, an attack was triggered, which required 48 hours to recover. The emissions from rice straw combustion have made an issue of air pollution, furthermore the possibility to trigger asthma attack has become clear in the present study, Therefore, we recommend that rice straw combustion should be abolished as soon as possible for the health of residents, especially children with asthma.