精神分裂症患者回忆过去和想象未来的特点 ; Characteristics of remembering the past and imagining the future in patients with schizophrenia
Abstract
目的：探讨精神分裂症患者回忆过去事件和想象未来事件的特点。方法：选取符合国际疾病分类与诊断标准第10版的精神分裂症患者25例,以及年龄、教育水平、智商相匹配的正常对照24例,要求被试参加回忆过去和想象未来测试,即根据提供的正性、中性、负性线索词回忆过去和想象未来的具体事件,然后对这些事件从具体性和内容两方面进行评分,比较两组被试回忆及想象内容的具体性事件所占的比率以及回忆及想象事件的类别所占的比率。结果：精神分裂症组回忆过去的具体事件的比率低于正常对照组[（0.45±0.26）vs.（0.70±0.22）,P〈0.05]。在回忆及想象事件的类别上,产生的探索娱乐事件比率[（0.07±0.07）vs.（0.10±0.07）]、关系事件比率[（0.14±0.10）vs.（0.29±0.09）]、成功事件比率[（0.04±0.05）vs.（0.06±0.04）],精神分裂症组均低于正常对照组（均P〈0.05）;精神分裂症组与医院有关的事件比率[（0.05±0.07）vs.（0.00±0.00）]、一般事件比率[（0.49±0.22）vs.（0.35±0.14）]均高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：精神分裂症患者回忆过去的具体性存在缺陷,回忆和想象事件的内容和正常对照组存在显著差异。 ; Objective： To study the characteristics of remembering the past and imagining the future in patients w ith schizophrenia. Methods： Tw enty-five patients w ith schizophrenia meeting the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem,Tenth Revision（ ICD-10） diagnostic criteria and 24 normal demographically matched controls participated the study. They w ere required to recall past events and imagine possible future events related to a set of cue w ords（ including positive,neutral and negative w ords） respectively. The events generated by participants w ere analyzed from tw o aspects： specificity and content. Results： Patients recalled past events in a less specific w ay compared to the controls,the ratio of specific events generated by patients w ere significantly less than controls [（ 0. 45 ± 0. 26） vs.（ 0. 70 ± 0. 22）,P〈0. 05]. M oreover,the ratio of events generated by patients on exploration or entertainment [（ 0. 07 ± 0. 07） vs.（ 0. 10 ± 0. 07） ],relationships [（ 0. 14 ± 0. 10）vs.（ 0. 29 ± 0. 09） ],success [（ 0. 04 ± 0. 05） vs.（ 0. 06 ± 0. 04） ] w ere significantly less than healthy controls,the ratio of events generated by patients on hospital [（ 0. 05 ± 0. 07） vs.（ 0. 00 ± 0. 00） ],general events [（ 0. 49 ± 0. 22）vs.（ 0. 35 ± 0. 14） ] w ere significantly more than healthy controls（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Patients w ith schizophrenia show impairments in specificity w hen recall the past,and the content of events they generate differ significantly from healthy controls.