Background: Although the association of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases is well established by previous research studies, the relationship between hyperuricemia and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains unclear. We conducted a nationwide longitudinal cohort study to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia and DVT. Methods: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with hyperuricemia diagnosed in Taiwan during 2000–2011, and we followed up these patients to determine the incidence of DVT among them. Hyperuricemia was defined as having at least one episode of gout attack requiring long-term treatment with uric acid-lowering agents. The association between hyperuricemia and DVT was analyzed by cox proportional hazard model. Results: The study cohort included 35,959 patients with hyperuricemia and 35,959 matched controls without hyperuricemia. The prevalence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular risk factors and risk factors for DVT were similar between the hyperuricemia and control groups. During the median follow-up of 7.5±3.6 years, the incidence rate of DVT was significantly higher in patients with hyperuricemia than that in control group (13.48 versus 9.77 per 104 person-years, p