Polyelectrolyte capsules with silver and gold nanoparticles in the shell composition have been obtained using calcium carbonate and polystyrene microparticles as cores. Capsules were modified with silver nanoparticles using photoreduction and silver mirror reaction. Gold nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanorods) were embedded in capsule shells via their adsorption from previously obtained sols. A significant difference in the structure of capsules obtained on cores of different types has been shown by small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic-force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.