Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects

Abraham, J.; Abreu P.; Aglietta M.; Aguirre C.; Allard D.; Allekotte I.; Allen J.; Allison P.; Alvarez C.; Alvarez-Muniz J.; Ambrosio M.; /Balseiro Inst San Carlos de Bariloche /Buenos Aires CONICET /CNEA Buenos Aires /Pierre Auger Observ. /La Plata U. /Natl Tech; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Aguirre, C.; Allard, D.; Allekotte, I.; D’olivo, J. C.; Allen, J.; Allison, P.; Alvarez, C.; Alvarez-muñiz, J.; Ambrosio, M.; Neto, J. R. T. de Mello; Anchordoqui, L.; Andringa, S.; Anzalone, A.; Aramo, C.; Argirò, S.; Arisaka, K.; Gómez, M.; Armengaud, E.; Arneodo, F.; Arqueros, F.; Asch, T.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Atulugama, Bs S.; Aublin, J.; Ave, M.; Avila, G.; Bäcker, T.; Bäcker, T.; Badagnani, D.; Bérat, C.; Barbosa, Af F.; Barnhill, D.; Barroso, Sl L. C.; Bauleo, P.; Beatty, J.; Beau, T.; Backer, T.; Becker, Br R.; Becker, Kh H.; Bellido, Ja A.; Benzvi, S.; Berat, C.; Bergmann, T.; Bernardini, P.; Bertou, X.; Biermann, Pl L.; Curutiu, A.; Billoir, P.; Blanch-Bigas, O.; Blanco, F.; Blasi, P.; Bleve, C.; Blümer, H.; Bohácová, M.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonino, R.; Boratav, M.; Brack, J.; Brogueira, P.; Dutan, I.; Brown, Wc C.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Busca, Ng G.; Caballero-mora, Ks S.; Cai, B.; Camin, Dv V.; Caruso, R.; Carvalho, W.; Castellina, A.; de Mello, Wj J. M.; Catalano, O.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon-Boado, L.; Cester, R.; Chauvin, J.; Chiavassa, A.; Chinellato, Ja A.; Chou, A.; Chye, J.; Clark, Pd D. J.; Clay, Rw W.; Colombo, E.; Conceição, R.; Connolly, B.; Contreras, F.; Coppens, J.; Cordier, A.; Cotti, U.; Coutu, S.; Covault, Ce E.; Creusot, A.; Cronin, J.; De Almeida, R. M.; Dagoret-campagne, S.; de Almeida, Rm M.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, Br R.; De Jong, S. J.; Burton, R. E.; De Donato, C.; de Jong, Sj J.; De Mello, W. J. M.; De La Vega, G.; De Mello Neto, J. R. T.; de Souza, V.; De Mitri, I.; del Peral, L.; Souza, De; Selva, Ad Della; Deligny, O.; Della Selva, A.; Caramete, L.; Delle Fratte, C.; Fratte, Cd Delle; Dembinski, H.; Di Giulio, C.; Diaz, Jc C.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, Jc C.; Dornic, D.; dos Anjos, J. C.; Dorofeev, A.; Anjos, J. C. dos; Dos Anjos, Jc C.; Dova, Mt T.; D'Urso, D.; DuVernois, M. A.; Engel, R.; Epele, L.; Erdmann, M.; Gomez Herrero, R.; Escobar, Co O.; Etchegoyen, A.; Luis, P. Facal San; Facal San Luis, P.; Falcke, H.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, Ac C.; Fazzini, N.; Mcewen, M.; Fernández, A.; Ferrer, F.; Ferry, S.; Fick, B.; Filevich, A.; Filipčič, A.; Fleck, I.; Fonte, R.; Fracchiolla, Ce E.; Fulgione, W.; García, B.; García Gámez, D.; Gomez, M.; Garcia-Pinto, D.; Garrido, X.; Geenen, H.; Gelmini, G.; Gemmeke, H.; Ghia, Pl L.; Giller, M.; Glass, H.; Gold, M. S.; Golup, G.; Albarracin, Fg Gomez; Gomez Albarracin, F.; Berisso, Mg Gómez; Herrero, Rg Gómez; Gómez Herrero, R.; Gonçalves, P.; Gonçalves, P.; do Amaral, M. Gonçalves; Gonçalves do Amaral, M.; Gonzalez, D.; Gonzalez, Jg G.; González, M.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Góra, D.; Gouffon, P.; Grassi, V.; Grillo, A. F.; Grunfeld, C.; Guardincerri, Y.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, Gp P.; Gutiérrez, J.; Hague, J. D.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Hamilton, Jc-C.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harmsma, S.; Harton, Jl L.; Haungs, A.; Garcia, B.; Hauschildt, T.; Healy, M. D.; Hebbeker, T.; Heck, D.; Hojvat, C.; Holmes, Vc C.; Karova, T.; Homola, P.; Hörandel, J.; Horneffer, A.; Hörandel, J.; Horvat, M.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Iarlori, M.; Insolia, A.; Ionita, F.; Italiano, A.; Kaducak, M.; Kampert, Kh H.; Gora, D.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemp, E.; Kieckhafer, Rm M.; Klages, Ho O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Martínez, J.; Knapik, R.; Knapp, J.; Koang, Dh-H.; Kopmann, A.; Krieger, A.; Krömer, O.; Kümpel, D.; Kümpel, D.; Kunka, N.; Kusenko, A.; La Rosa, G.; Lachaud, C.; Lago, Bl L.; Horandel, J.; Lebrun, D.; LeBrun, P.; Lee, J.; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui; De Oliveira, Leigui; Letessier-selvon, A.; Leuthold, M.; Lhenry-yvon, I.; López, R.; Lopez Agüera, A.; Bahilo, J. Lozano; Lozano Bahilo, J.; Maccarone, Mc C.; Macolino, C.; Maldera, S.; Malek, M.; Mancarella, G.; Mancenido, Me E.; Mandat, D.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Mantsch, P.; Mariazzi, Ag G.; Maris, Ic C.; Martello, D.; Martínez, J.; Bravo, O. Martínez; Martinez, J.; Goncalves do Amaral, M.; Mathes, Hj J.; Matthews, J.; Martinez Bravo, O.; Matthews, Ja A. J.; Matthiae, G.; Maurizio, D.; Mazur, Po O.; McCauley, T.; Řídký, J.; McNeil, Rr R.; Necesal, P.; Medina, Mc C.; Medina-tanco, G.; Meli, A.; Melo, D.; Menichetti, E.; Menschikov, A.; Le Brun, P.; Meurer, Chr-H.-R.; Meyhandan, R.; Micheletti, Mi I.; Miele, G.; Miller, W.; Mollerach, S.; Monasor, M.; Kégl, Balázs; Montanet, F.; Ragaigne, D. Monnier; Morales, B.; Monnier Ragaigne, D.; Morello, C.; Moreno, E.; Moreno, Jc C.; Morris, C.; Mostafá, M.; Collaboration, Pierre Auger; Muller, M. A.; Mussa, R.; Navarra, G.; Navarro, Jl L.; Navas, S.; Kumpel, D.; Nellen, L.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Newton, D.; Nierstenhöfer, N.; Nitz, D.; Thi, Tn Nguyen P.; Nguyen Thi, T.; Nosek, D.; Nožka, L.; Šmída, R.; Oehlschläger, J.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Ohnuki, T.; Olinto, A.; Olmos-gilbaja, Vm M.; Ortiz, M.; Ostapchenko, S.; Otero, L.; Palatka, M.; Lopez, R.; Pallotta, J.; Pakk Selmi-dei, D.; Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk; Parente, G.; Parizot, E.; Parlati, S.; Pastor, S.; Patel, M.; Paul, T.; Pavlidou, V.; Payet, K.; Pech, M.; Pelayo, R.; Pekala, J.; Pepe, Im M.; Pȩkala, J.; Pȩkala, J.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Petrinca, P.; Petrov, Y.; Ngoc, DiepPham; Ngoc, DongPham; Pham Ngoc, Diep; Pichel, A.; Piegaia, R.; Pham Thi, Tn N.; Thi, T. N. Pham; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Pinto, T.; Pirronello, V.; Pisanti, O.; Platino, M.; Pochon, J.; Porter, Ta A.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Quel, Ej J.; Rautenberg, J.; Reucroft, S.; Pham Ngoc, Dong; Revenu, Benoît; Rezende, Fa A. S.; Riggi, S.; Risse, M.; Rídky, J.; Rivière, C.; Rizi, V.; Roberts, M.; Robledo, C.; Rodriguez, G.; Frias, D. Rodríguez; Rodrıguez Frıas, D.; Martino, J. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Martino, J.; Ridky, J.; Rodriguez Cabo, I.; Ros, G.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Rosado, J.; Roth, M.; Rodriguez-cabo, I.; Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, Ac C.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Salina, G.; Santander, M.; Sánchez, F.; Santo, Ce E.; Santos, Em M.; Sánchez, F.; Sarazin, F.; Sarkar, S.; Pçkala, J.; Sato, R.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, F.; Schmidt, T.; Scholten, O.; Schovánek, P.; Schüssler, F.; Sciutto, Sj J.; Scuderi, M.; Segreto, A.; Semikoz, D. V.; Settimo, M.; Shellard, Rc C.; Sidelnik, I.; Siffert, Bb B.; Sigl, G.; De Grande, Ns Smetniansky; Smialkowski, A.; Smetniansky De Grande, N.; Šmída, R.; Smith, Ag G. K.; Smith, Be E.; Sanchez, F.; Snow, Gr R.; Sokolsky, P.; Sommers, P.; Sorokin, J.; Spinka, H.; Squartini, R.; Strazzeri, E.; Stutz, A.; Suarez, F.; Suomijärvi, T.; Supanitsky, Ad D.; Smída, R.; Sutherland, M. S.; Swain, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Takahashi, J.; Tamashiro, A.; Tamburro, A.; Smida, R.; Taşcău, O.; Tcaciuc, R.; Thomas, D.; Ticona, R.; Tiffenberg, J.; Timmermans, C.; Tkaczyk, W.; Peixoto, C. J. Todero; Todero Peixoto, Cj J.; Tomé, B.; Tonachini D. Torresi, A.; Torresi, D.; Travnicek, P.; Tripathi, A.; Tristram, G.; Tscherniakhovski, D.; Tueros, M.; Tunnicliffe, V.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Galicia, J. F. Valdés; Valdés Galicia, Jf F.; Valiño, I.; Valore, L.; van den Berg, Am M.; Van Den Berg, A. M.; van Elewyck, V.; Elewyck, Van; Vázquez, R. A.; Vázquez, Ra A.; Veberič, D.; Veiga, A.; Velarde, A.; Venters, T.; Verzi, V.; Videla, M.; Villaseñor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Voyvodic, L.; Wahlberg, H.; Wainberg, O.; Waldenmaier, T.; Walker, P.; Warner, D.; Watson, Aa A.; Westerhoff, S.; Wieczorek, G.; Wiencke, L.; Berg, A. M. van den; Wilczyńska, B.; Wilczyński, H.; Wileman, C.; Winnick, Mg G.; Wu, H.; Aguirre, I.; Wundheiler, B.; Xu, J.; Yamamoto, T.; Younk, P.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zech, A.; Zepeda, A.; Ziolkowski, M.; Amaral, M. Gonçalves do

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@article{Abraham2007,
  abstract = {Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 1019 electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources. ; © 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  author = {Abraham, J.; Abreu P.; Aglietta M.; Aguirre C.; Allard D.; Allekotte I.; Allen J.; Allison P.; Alvarez C.; Alvarez-Muniz J.; Ambrosio M.; /Balseiro Inst San Carlos de Bariloche /Buenos Aires CONICET /CNEA Buenos Aires /Pierre Auger Observ. /La Plata U. /Natl Tech and Abreu, P. and Aglietta, M. and Aguirre, C. and Allard, D. and Allekotte, I. and D’olivo, J. C. and Allen, J. and Allison, P. and Alvarez, C. and Alvarez-muñiz, J. and Ambrosio, M. and Neto, J. R. T. de Mello and Anchordoqui, L. and Andringa, S. and Anzalone, A. and Aramo, C. and Argirò, S. and Arisaka, K. and Gómez, M. and Armengaud, E. and Arneodo, F. and Arqueros, F. and Asch, T. and Asorey, H. and Assis, P. and Atulugama, Bs S. and Aublin, J. and Ave, M. and Avila, G. and Bäcker, T. and Bäcker, T. and Badagnani, D. and Bérat, C. and Barbosa, Af F. and Barnhill, D. and Barroso, Sl L. C. and Bauleo, P. and Beatty, J. and Beau, T. and Backer, T. and Becker, Br R. and Becker, Kh H. and Bellido, Ja A. and Benzvi, S. and Berat, C. and Bergmann, T. and Bernardini, P. and Bertou, X. and Biermann, Pl L. and Curutiu, A. and Billoir, P. and Blanch-Bigas, O. and Blanco, F. and Blasi, P. and Bleve, C. and Blümer, H. and Bohácová, M. and Bonifazi, C. and Bonino, R. and Boratav, M. and Brack, J. and Brogueira, P. and Dutan, I. and Brown, Wc C. and Buchholz, P. and Bueno, A. and Busca, Ng G. and Caballero-mora, Ks S. and Cai, B. and Camin, Dv V. and Caruso, R. and Carvalho, W. and Castellina, A. and de Mello, Wj J. M. and Catalano, O. and Cataldi, G. and Cazon-Boado, L. and Cester, R. and Chauvin, J. and Chiavassa, A. and Chinellato, Ja A. and Chou, A. and Chye, J. and Clark, Pd D. J. and Clay, Rw W. and Colombo, E. and Conceição, R. and Connolly, B. and Contreras, F. and Coppens, J. and Cordier, A. and Cotti, U. and Coutu, S. and Covault, Ce E. and Creusot, A. and Cronin, J. and De Almeida, R. M. and Dagoret-campagne, S. and de Almeida, Rm M. and Daumiller, K. and Dawson, Br R. and De Jong, S. J. and Burton, R. E. and De Donato, C. and de Jong, Sj J. and De Mello, W. J. M. and De La Vega, G. and De Mello Neto, J. R. T. and de Souza, V. and De Mitri, I. and del Peral, L. and Souza, De and Selva, Ad Della and Deligny, O. and Della Selva, A. and Caramete, L. and Delle Fratte, C. and Fratte, Cd Delle and Dembinski, H. and Di Giulio, C. and Diaz, Jc C. and Dobrigkeit, C. and D'Olivo, Jc C. and Dornic, D. and dos Anjos, J. C. and Dorofeev, A. and Anjos, J. C. dos and Dos Anjos, Jc C. and Dova, Mt T. and D'Urso, D. and DuVernois, M. A. and Engel, R. and Epele, L. and Erdmann, M. and Gomez Herrero, R. and Escobar, Co O. and Etchegoyen, A. and Luis, P. Facal San and Facal San Luis, P. and Falcke, H. and Farrar, G. and Fauth, Ac C. and Fazzini, N. and Mcewen, M. and Fernández, A. and Ferrer, F. and Ferry, S. and Fick, B. and Filevich, A. and Filipčič, A. and Fleck, I. and Fonte, R. and Fracchiolla, Ce E. and Fulgione, W. and García, B. and García Gámez, D. and Gomez, M. and Garcia-Pinto, D. and Garrido, X. and Geenen, H. and Gelmini, G. and Gemmeke, H. and Ghia, Pl L. and Giller, M. and Glass, H. and Gold, M. S. and Golup, G. and Albarracin, Fg Gomez and Gomez Albarracin, F. and Berisso, Mg Gómez and Herrero, Rg Gómez and Gómez Herrero, R. and Gonçalves, P. and Gonçalves, P. and do Amaral, M. Gonçalves and Gonçalves do Amaral, M. and Gonzalez, D. and Gonzalez, Jg G. and González, M. and Góra, D. and Gorgi, A. and Góra, D. and Gouffon, P. and Grassi, V. and Grillo, A. F. and Grunfeld, C. and Guardincerri, Y. and Guarino, F. and Guedes, Gp P. and Gutiérrez, J. and Hague, J. D. and Martínez Bravo, O. and Hamilton, Jc-C. and Hansen, P. and Harari, D. and Harmsma, S. and Harton, Jl L. and Haungs, A. and Garcia, B. and Hauschildt, T. and Healy, M. D. and Hebbeker, T. and Heck, D. and Hojvat, C. and Holmes, Vc C. and Karova, T. and Homola, P. and Hörandel, J. and Horneffer, A. and Hörandel, J. and Horvat, M. and Hrabovský, M. and Huege, T. and Iarlori, M. and Insolia, A. and Ionita, F. and Italiano, A. and Kaducak, M. and Kampert, Kh H. and Gora, D. and Keilhauer, B. and Kemp, E. and Kieckhafer, Rm M. and Klages, Ho O. and Kleifges, M. and Kleinfeller, J. and Martínez, J. and Knapik, R. and Knapp, J. and Koang, Dh-H. and Kopmann, A. and Krieger, A. and Krömer, O. and Kümpel, D. and Kümpel, D. and Kunka, N. and Kusenko, A. and La Rosa, G. and Lachaud, C. and Lago, Bl L. and Horandel, J. and Lebrun, D. and LeBrun, P. and Lee, J. and de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui and De Oliveira, Leigui and Letessier-selvon, A. and Leuthold, M. and Lhenry-yvon, I. and López, R. and Lopez Agüera, A. and Bahilo, J. Lozano and Lozano Bahilo, J. and Maccarone, Mc C. and Macolino, C. and Maldera, S. and Malek, M. and Mancarella, G. and Mancenido, Me E. and Mandat, D. and Martínez Bravo, O. and Mantsch, P. and Mariazzi, Ag G. and Maris, Ic C. and Martello, D. and Martínez, J. and Bravo, O. Martínez and Martinez, J. and Goncalves do Amaral, M. and Mathes, Hj J. and Matthews, J. and Martinez Bravo, O. and Matthews, Ja A. J. and Matthiae, G. and Maurizio, D. and Mazur, Po O. and McCauley, T. and Řídký, J. and McNeil, Rr R. and Necesal, P. and Medina, Mc C. and Medina-tanco, G. and Meli, A. and Melo, D. and Menichetti, E. and Menschikov, A. and Le Brun, P. and Meurer, Chr-H.-R. and Meyhandan, R. and Micheletti, Mi I. and Miele, G. and Miller, W. and Mollerach, S. and Monasor, M. and Kégl, Balázs and Montanet, F. and Ragaigne, D. Monnier and Morales, B. and Monnier Ragaigne, D. and Morello, C. and Moreno, E. and Moreno, Jc C. and Morris, C. and Mostafá, M. and Collaboration, Pierre Auger and Muller, M. A. and Mussa, R. and Navarra, G. and Navarro, Jl L. and Navas, S. and Kumpel, D. and Nellen, L. and Newman-Holmes, C. and Newton, D. and Nierstenhöfer, N. and Nitz, D. and Thi, Tn Nguyen P. and Nguyen Thi, T. and Nosek, D. and Nožka, L. and Šmída, R. and Oehlschläger, J. and Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. and Ohnuki, T. and Olinto, A. and Olmos-gilbaja, Vm M. and Ortiz, M. and Ostapchenko, S. and Otero, L. and Palatka, M. and Lopez, R. and Pallotta, J. and Pakk Selmi-dei, D. and Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk and Parente, G. and Parizot, E. and Parlati, S. and Pastor, S. and Patel, M. and Paul, T. and Pavlidou, V. and Payet, K. and Pech, M. and Pelayo, R. and Pekala, J. and Pepe, Im M. and Pȩkala, J. and Pȩkala, J. and Perrone, L. and Petrera, S. and Petrinca, P. and Petrov, Y. and Ngoc, DiepPham and Ngoc, DongPham and Pham Ngoc, Diep and Pichel, A. and Piegaia, R. and Pham Thi, Tn N. and Thi, T. N. Pham and Pierog, T. and Pimenta, M. and Pinto, T. and Pirronello, V. and Pisanti, O. and Platino, M. and Pochon, J. and Porter, Ta A. and Privitera, P. and Prouza, M. and Quel, Ej J. and Rautenberg, J. and Reucroft, S. and Pham Ngoc, Dong and Revenu, Benoît and Rezende, Fa A. S. and Riggi, S. and Risse, M. and Rídky, J. and Rivière, C. and Rizi, V. and Roberts, M. and Robledo, C. and Rodriguez, G. and Frias, D. Rodríguez and Rodrıguez Frıas, D. and Martino, J. Rodriguez and Rodriguez Martino, J. and Ridky, J. and Rodriguez Cabo, I. and Ros, G. and Rodriguez Rojo, J. and Rosado, J. and Roth, M. and Rodriguez-cabo, I. and Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B. and Roulet, E. and Rovero, Ac C. and Salamida, F. and Salazar, H. and Salina, G. and Santander, M. and Sánchez, F. and Santo, Ce E. and Santos, Em M. and Sánchez, F. and Sarazin, F. and Sarkar, S. and Pçkala, J. and Sato, R. and Scherini, V. and Schieler, H. and Schmidt, F. and Schmidt, T. and Scholten, O. and Schovánek, P. and Schüssler, F. and Sciutto, Sj J. and Scuderi, M. and Segreto, A. and Semikoz, D. V. and Settimo, M. and Shellard, Rc C. and Sidelnik, I. and Siffert, Bb B. and Sigl, G. and De Grande, Ns Smetniansky and Smialkowski, A. and Smetniansky De Grande, N. and Šmída, R. and Smith, Ag G. K. and Smith, Be E. and Sanchez, F. and Snow, Gr R. and Sokolsky, P. and Sommers, P. and Sorokin, J. and Spinka, H. and Squartini, R. and Strazzeri, E. and Stutz, A. and Suarez, F. and Suomijärvi, T. and Supanitsky, Ad D. and Smída, R. and Sutherland, M. S. and Swain, J. and Szadkowski, Z. and Takahashi, J. and Tamashiro, A. and Tamburro, A. and Smida, R. and Taşcău, O. and Tcaciuc, R. and Thomas, D. and Ticona, R. and Tiffenberg, J. and Timmermans, C. and Tkaczyk, W. and Peixoto, C. J. Todero and Todero Peixoto, Cj J. and Tomé, B. and Tonachini D. Torresi, A. and Torresi, D. and Travnicek, P. and Tripathi, A. and Tristram, G. and Tscherniakhovski, D. and Tueros, M. and Tunnicliffe, V. and Ulrich, R. and Unger, M. and Urban, M. and Galicia, J. F. Valdés and Valdés Galicia, Jf F. and Valiño, I. and Valore, L. and van den Berg, Am M. and Van Den Berg, A. M. and van Elewyck, V. and Elewyck, Van and Vázquez, R. A. and Vázquez, Ra A. and Veberič, D. and Veiga, A. and Velarde, A. and Venters, T. and Verzi, V. and Videla, M. and Villaseñor, L. and Vorobiov, S. and Voyvodic, L. and Wahlberg, H. and Wainberg, O. and Waldenmaier, T. and Walker, P. and Warner, D. and Watson, Aa A. and Westerhoff, S. and Wieczorek, G. and Wiencke, L. and Berg, A. M. van den and Wilczyńska, B. and Wilczyński, H. and Wileman, C. and Winnick, Mg G. and Wu, H. and Aguirre, I. and Wundheiler, B. and Xu, J. and Yamamoto, T. and Younk, P. and Zas, E. and Zavrtanik, D. and Zavrtanik, M. and Zech, A. and Zepeda, A. and Ziolkowski, M. and Amaral, M. Gonçalves do},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1151124},
  month = {nov},
  title = {Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/William_Miller3/publication/5854655_Correlation_of_the_Highest-Energy_Cosmic_Rays_with_Nearby_Extragalactic_Objects/links/5405d3610cf2bba34c1db338.pdf},
  year = {2007}
}

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Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects

Journal article published in 2007 by J.; Abreu P.; Aglietta M.; Aguirre C.; Allard D.; Allekotte I.; Allen J.; Allison P.; Alvarez C.; Alvarez-Muniz J.; Ambrosio M.; /Balseiro Inst San Carlos de Bariloche /Buenos Aires CONICET /CNEA Buenos Aires /Pierre Auger Observ. /La Plata U. /Natl Tech Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. C. D’olivo, J. Allen, P. Allison, C. Alvarez, J. Alvarez-muñiz, M. Ambrosio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa and other authors. J.; Abreu P.; Aglietta M.; Aguirre C.; Allard D.; Allekotte I.; Allen J.; Allison P.; Alvarez C.; Alvarez-Muniz J.; Ambrosio M.; /Balseiro Inst San Carlos de Bariloche /Buenos Aires CONICET /CNEA Buenos Aires /Pierre Auger Observ. /La Plata U. /Natl Tech Abraham, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, C. Aguirre, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. C. D’olivo, J. Allen, P. Allison, C. Alvarez, J. Alvarez-muñiz, M. Ambrosio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo

, S. Argirò, K. Arisaka, M. Gómez, E. Armengaud, F. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, T. Asch, H. Asorey, P. Assis, Bs S. Atulugama, J. Aublin, M. Ave, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, T. Bäcker, D. Badagnani, C. Bérat, Af F. Barbosa, D. Barnhill, Sl L. C. Barroso, P. Bauleo, J. Beatty, T. Beau, T. Backer, Br R. Becker, Kh H. Becker, Ja A. Bellido, S. Benzvi, C. Berat, T. Bergmann, P. Bernardini, X. Bertou, Pl L. Biermann, A. Curutiu, P. Billoir, O. Blanch-Bigas, F. Blanco

, P. Blasi, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Bohácová, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino

, M. Boratav, J. Brack, P. Brogueira, I. Dutan, Wc C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, Ng G. Busca, Ks S. Caballero-mora, B. Cai, Dv V. Camin, R. Caruso, W. Carvalho, A. Castellina, Wj J. M. de Mello, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon-Boado, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, A. Chiavassa, Ja A. Chinellato, A. Chou, J. Chye, Pd D. J. Clark, Rw W. Clay, E. Colombo, R. Conceição

, B. Connolly, F. Contreras, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, U. Cotti, S. Coutu, Ce E. Covault, A. Creusot, J. Cronin, R. M. De Almeida, S. Dagoret-campagne, Rm M. de Almeida, K. Daumiller, Br R. Dawson, S. J. De Jong, R. E. Burton, C. De Donato, Sj J. de Jong, W. J. M. De Mello, G. De La Vega, J. R. T. De Mello Neto, V. de Souza, I. De Mitri, L. del Peral, De Souza, Ad Della Selva, O. Deligny, A. Della Selva, L. Caramete, C. Delle Fratte, Cd Delle Fratte, H. Dembinski, C. Di Giulio, Jc C. Diaz, C. Dobrigkeit, Jc C. D'Olivo, D. Dornic, J. C. dos Anjos, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, Jc C. Dos Anjos, Mt T. Dova, D. D'Urso, M. A. DuVernois, R. Engel, L. Epele, M. Erdmann, R. Gomez Herrero, Co O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, Ac C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, M. Mcewen, A. Fernández, F. Ferrer, S. Ferry, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, I. Fleck, R. Fonte, Ce E. Fracchiolla, W. Fulgione, B. García, D. García Gámez, M. Gomez, D. Garcia-Pinto, X. Garrido, H. Geenen, G. Gelmini, H. Gemmeke, Pl L. Ghia, M. Giller, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, Fg Gomez Albarracin, F. Gomez Albarracin, Mg Gómez Berisso, Rg Gómez Herrero, R. Gómez Herrero, P. Gonçalves, P. Gonçalves, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, D. Gonzalez, Jg G. Gonzalez, M. González, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, D. Góra, P. Gouffon, V. Grassi, A. F. Grillo, C. Grunfeld, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, Gp P. Guedes, J. Gutiérrez, J. D. Hague, O. Martínez Bravo, Jc-C. Hamilton, P. Hansen, D. Harari, S. Harmsma, Jl L. Harton, A. Haungs, B. Garcia, T. Hauschildt, M. D. Healy, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, Vc C. Holmes, T. Karova, P. Homola, J. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, J. Hörandel, M. Horvat, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, M. Iarlori, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, M. Kaducak, Kh H. Kampert, D. Gora, B. Keilhauer, E. Kemp, Rm M. Kieckhafer, Ho O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Martínez, R. Knapik, J. Knapp, Dh-H. Koang, A. Kopmann

, A. Krieger, O. Krömer, D. Kümpel, D. Kümpel, N. Kunka, A. Kusenko, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, Bl L. Lago, J. Horandel, D. Lebrun, P. LeBrun, J. Lee, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Leigui De Oliveira, A. Letessier-selvon, M. Leuthold, I. Lhenry-yvon, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, J. Lozano Bahilo, J. Lozano Bahilo, Mc C. Maccarone

, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, M. Malek, G. Mancarella, Me E. Mancenido, D. Mandat, O. Martínez Bravo, P. Mantsch, Ag G. Mariazzi, Ic C. Maris, D. Martello, J. Martínez, O. Martínez Bravo, J. Martinez, M. Goncalves do Amaral, Hj J. Mathes, J. Matthews, O. Martinez Bravo, Ja A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurizio, Po O. Mazur, T. McCauley, J. Řídký, Rr R. McNeil, P. Necesal, Mc C. Medina, G. Medina-tanco, A. Meli, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menschikov, P. Le Brun, Chr-H.-R. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, Mi I. Micheletti, G. Miele, W. Miller, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, Balázs Kégl, F. Montanet, D. Monnier Ragaigne, B. Morales, D. Monnier Ragaigne, C. Morello, E. Moreno, Jc C. Moreno, C. Morris, M. Mostafá, Pierre Auger Collaboration, M. A. Muller, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, Jl L. Navarro, S. Navas, D. Kumpel, L. Nellen, C. Newman-Holmes, D. Newton, N. Nierstenhöfer, D. Nitz, Tn Nguyen P. Thi, T. Nguyen Thi, D. Nosek

, L. Nožka, R. Šmída, J. Oehlschläger, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, T. Ohnuki, A. Olinto, Vm M. Olmos-gilbaja, M. Ortiz, S. Ostapchenko, L. Otero, M. Palatka, R. Lopez, J. Pallotta, D. Pakk Selmi-dei, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, G. Parente, E. Parizot, S. Parlati, S. Pastor, M. Patel, T. Paul, V. Pavlidou, K. Payet, M. Pech, R. Pelayo, J. Pekala

, Im M. Pepe, J. Pȩkala, J. Pȩkala, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, Y. Petrov, DiepPham Ngoc, DongPham Ngoc, Diep Pham Ngoc, A. Pichel, R. Piegaia, Tn N. Pham Thi, T. N. Pham Thi, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, T. Pinto, V. Pirronello, O. Pisanti, M. Platino, J. Pochon, Ta A. Porter, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, Ej J. Quel, J. Rautenberg, S. Reucroft, Dong Pham Ngoc, Benoît Revenu, Fa A. S. Rezende, S. Riggi

, M. Risse, J. Rídky, C. Rivière, V. Rizi, M. Roberts, C. Robledo, G. Rodriguez, D. Rodríguez Frias, D. Rodrıguez Frıas, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Ridky, I. Rodriguez Cabo, G. Ros, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rosado, M. Roth, I. Rodriguez-cabo, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, Ac C. Rovero, F. Salamida

, H. Salazar, G. Salina, M. Santander, F. Sánchez, Ce E. Santo, Em M. Santos, F. Sánchez, F. Sarazin, S. Sarkar, J. Pçkala, R. Sato, V. Scherini

, H. Schieler, F. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. Schüssler, Sj J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, D. V. Semikoz

, M. Settimo, Rc C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, Bb B. Siffert, G. Sigl, Ns Smetniansky De Grande, A. Smialkowski, N. Smetniansky De Grande, R. Šmída, Ag G. K. Smith, Be E. Smith, F. Sanchez, Gr R. Snow, P. Sokolsky, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, Ad D. Supanitsky, R. Smída, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, J. Takahashi, A. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, R. Smida, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, D. Thomas, R. Ticona, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Cj J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini D. Torresi, D. Torresi

, P. Travnicek, A. Tripathi, G. Tristram, D. Tscherniakhovski, M. Tueros, V. Tunnicliffe, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Jf F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, Am M. van den Berg, A. M. Van Den Berg, V. van Elewyck, Van Elewyck, R. A. Vázquez, Ra A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, A. Veiga

, A. Velarde, T. Venters, V. Verzi, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, S. Vorobiov, L. Voyvodic, H. Wahlberg, O. Wainberg, T. Waldenmaier, P. Walker, D. Warner, Aa A. Watson, S. Westerhoff, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, A. M. van den Berg, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, C. Wileman, Mg G. Winnick, H. Wu, I. Aguirre, B. Wundheiler, J. Xu, T. Yamamoto, P. Younk, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, A. Zech, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, M. Gonçalves do Amaral

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Abstract

Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 1019 electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources. ; © 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science

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Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects

Abstract