Purpose : To identify the risk factors for morbidity and mortality after elective and emergency abdominal surgeries in maintenance hemodialysis patients. ; Methods : We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 63 hemodialysis patients who underwent elective (group 1) and 24 who underwent emergency (group 2) abdominal surgeries, and classified them according to the presence/absence of postoperative complications. The clinical, laboratory and procedure-related data were obtained and compared between the groups. ; Results : Group 2 had significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates than group 1 (58.3 and 16.6 % vs. 33.3 and 16.6 %, respectively, P