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The Royal Society, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1997(371), p. 20110622, 2013

DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0622

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Evolution of cardiorespiratory interactions with age

Journal article published in 2013 by D. Iatsenko, A. Bernjak, T. Stankovski, Y. Shiogai, P. J. Owen-Lynch ORCID, P. B. M. Clarkson, P. V. E. McClintock, A. Stefanovska
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We describe an analysis of cardiac and respiratory time series recorded from 189 subjects of both genders aged 16–90. By application of the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, we extract the respiratory and cardiac frequencies and phases with better time resolution than is possible with the marked events procedure. By treating the heart and respiration as coupled oscillators, we then apply a method based on Bayesian inference to find the underlying coupling parameters and their time dependence, deriving from them measures such as synchronization, coupling directionality and the relative contributions of different mechanisms. We report a detailed analysis of the reconstructed cardiorespiratory coupling function, its time evolution and age dependence. We show that the direct and indirect respiratory modulations of the heart rate both decrease with age, and that the cardiorespiratory coupling becomes less stable and more time-variable.