Despite decades of research and clinical practice the pathogenesis of hypertension remains incompletely understood and blood pressure is often suboptimally controlled. Omics technologies allow the description of a large number of molecular features and have the potential to identify new factors that contribute to blood pressure regulation and how they interact. In this review we will focus on the potential of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and explore their role in unravelling the pathophysiology and diagnosis of hypertension; prediction of organ damage and treatment response; and monitoring of treatment effect. Substantial progress has been made in the area of genomics where genome-wide association studies have identified more than 50 blood pressure-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and sequencing studies especially in secondary forms of hypertension have discovered novel regulatory pathways. In contrast, other omics technologies, despite their ability to provide detailed insights into the physiological state of an organism, have only more recently demonstrated their impact on hypertension research and clinical practice. The majority of current proteomic studies focuses on organ damage due to hypertension and may have the potential to understand the link between blood pressure and organ failure but also serve as biomarker for early detection of cerebrovascular or coronary disease. Examples include signatures for early detection of left ventricular dysfunction or albuminuria. Metabolomic studies have potential to integrate environmental and intrinsic factors and are particularly suited to monitor the response to treatment. We will discuss examples of omics studies in hypertension and explore the challenges related to these novel technologies.