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Society for Neuroscience, Journal of Neuroscience, 27(36), p. 7283-7297, 2016

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0901-16.2016

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Expression of an activated integrin promotes long-distance sensory axon regeneration in the spinal cord

Journal article published in 2016 by M. Cheah, M. R. Andrews ORCID, D. J. Chew, E. B. Moloney, J. Verhaagen, R. Fassler, J. W. Fawcett
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

After CNS injury, axon regeneration is blocked by an inhibitory environment consisting of the highly upregulated tenascin-C and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Tenascin-C promotes growth of axons if they express a tenascin-binding integrin, particularly ?9?1. Additionally, integrins can be inactivated by CSPGs, and this inhibition can be overcome by the presence of a ?1-binding integrin activator, kindlin-1. We examined the synergistic effect of ?9 integrin and kindlin-1 on sensory axon regeneration in adult rat spinal cord after dorsal root crush and adeno-associated virus transgene expression in dorsal root ganglia. After 12 weeks, axons from C6-C7 dorsal root ganglia regenerated through the tenascin-C-rich dorsal root entry zone into the dorsal column up to C1 level and above (>25 mm axon length) through a normal pathway. Animals also showed anatomical and electrophysiological evidence of reconnection to the dorsal horn and behavioral recovery in mechanical pressure, thermal pain, and ladder-walking tasks. Expression of ?9 integrin or kindlin-1 alone promoted much less regeneration and recovery.