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Oxford University Press, European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, 10(17), p. 1071-1097, 2016

DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew172

Elsevier, Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 1(30), p. 1-27

DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.022

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Three-dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease : an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography

Journal article published in 2016 by Annemien Van den Bosch, Leo Lopez, Philippe Acar, Mark K. Friedberg, Friedberg Mk, Nee S. Khoo, Khoo Ns, Ko Hh, Helen Ko, John Simpson ORCID, Jan Marek, Gerald Marx, McGhie Js, Jackie S. McGhie, Folkert Meijboom and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become important in the management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly with pre-surgical planning, guidance of catheter intervention, and functional assessment of the heart. 3DE is increasingly used in children because of good acoustic windows and the non-invasive nature of the technique. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the optimal application of 3DE in CHD including technical considerations, image orientation, application to different lesions, procedural guidance, and functional assessment.