Aims : The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of plants on net methane flux from forest and grassland soils depending on bedrock, temperature, and plant species, and to determine the abundance of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms. ; Methods : Lab-scale gas measurements with forest and grassland soils and different site-specific plants were performed. Next-generation sequencing was conducted to characterize the archaeal community structure and the abundance of methanotrophic bacteria was determined via quantitative PCR. ; Results : Forest and grassland soils had a high potential to consume methane under ambient conditions. Irrespective of bedrock and plant species, a highly significant influence of temperature was established. The studied site-specific grassland plants Plantago lanceolata and Poa pratensis significantly increased methane balance with varying extent depending on temperature. In contrast, the studied forest plants Picea abies and especially Larix decidua significantly boosted methane consumption. The flux measurements pointed to higher net methane consumption rates on limestone compared to siliceous bedrock. The proportion of Euryarchaeota -including methanogens- increased in rhizosphere soil of grassland plants compared to bulk soil whereas methanotrophic abundances did not differ between bulk and rhizosphere soil. ; Conclusions : Results highlight that the methane fluxes in uplands soils are altered depending on plant species, temperature, and vegetation type and emphasize the need to better resolve the influence of plants on the methane cycle and the involved microorganisms.