Disclosed is a method of producing nanostructures of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) by anodisation of titanium (Ti) in an electrochemical cell, comprising the steps of: immersing a non-conducting substrate coated with a layer of titanium, defined as the anode, in an electrolyte solution in the electrochemical cell; immersing a conducting substrate, defined as the cathode, in the electrolyte solution in the electrochemical cell; whereby the anode and the cathode are in electrical contact through the electrolyte solution; providing a voltage difference between the anode and the cathode; and providing an electrical contact to the layer of titanium on the anode, where the electrical contact is made in the electrolyte solution