Robust ferromagnetism of chromium nanoparticles formed in superfluid helium
Journal article published in 2016 by
Shengfu Yang,
Cheng Feng,
Daniel Spence,
Aula M. A. A. Al Hindawi,
Elspeth Latimer,
Andrew M. Ellis,
Chris Binns,
Davide Peddis,
Sarnjeet S. Dhesi,
Liying Zhang,
Yafei Zhang,
Kalliopi N. Trohidou,
Marianna Vasilakaki,
Nikolaos Ntallis,
Ian MacLaren 
and other authors.
and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
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Abstract
Chromium nanoparticles are formed using superfluid helium droplets as the nanoreactors, which are strongly ferromagnetic. The transition from antiferromagentism to ferromagnetism is attributed to atomic scale disorder in chromium nanoparticles, leading to abundant unbalanced surface spins. Theoretical modeling confirms a frustrated aggregation process in superfluid helium due to the antiferromagnetic nature of chromium.