CCR2, GPCR βγ subunit and PI3K activity is required for MCP-1-induced BMSC migration. a-c 3D migration of serum-starved BMSCs pre-treated with 10 μM RS102895, 10 μM MPS-Phos, 5 μM LY294002, or 10 μM Y27632 for 24 h prior to exposure to MCP-1. Representative migration traces shown of three separate independent experiments; 10 % fetal bovine serum included as a positive control. 3D three-dimensional, BMSC bone marrow-derived stromal cell, CCR chemokine (C motif) receptor, GPCR G protein-coupled receptor, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, PI3K PI3 kinase. (PNG 273 kb)