Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with diaphragm weakness, a phenomenon termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Weaning should balance diaphragmatic loading as well as prevention of overload after MV. The weaning methods pressure support ventilation (PSV) and spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) lead to gradual or intermittent reloading of a weak diaphragm, respectively. This study investigated which weaning method allows more efficient restoration of diaphragm homeostasis. Methods Rats (n = 8 per group) received 12 h of MV followed by either 12 h of pressure support ventilation (PSV) or intermittent spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) and were compared to rats euthanized after 12 h MV (CMV) and to acutely euthanized rats (CON). Force generation, activity of calpain-1 and caspase-3, oxidative stress, and markers of protein synthesis (phosphorylated AKT to total AKT) were measured in the diaphragm. Results Reduction of diaphragmatic force caused by CMV compared to CON was worsened with PSV and SBT (both p