Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Annals of Surgery, 1(242), p. 92-100, 2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000167853.04171.bb
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The clinicopathologic features of early ampullary cancer (pTis, pT1 cancer) were investigated to determine the indications for ampullectomy. Despite a fairly good prognosis, a substantial number of early ampullary cancers had risk factors for failure after ampullectomy (lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, common bile duct or pancreatic duct mucosal involvement). Pancreatoduodenectomy should be preferably performed for adequate radical resection even in early ampullary cancer, and ampullectomy should be reserved for pTis cancer or pT1 cancer sized 1.0 cm or less with a high operative risk.