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Frontiers Media, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, (7)

DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00155

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TMS-evoked changes in brain-state dynamics quantified by using EEG data

Journal article published in 2013 by Jaakko O. Nieminen, Tuomas Mutanen ORCID, Risto J. Ilmoniemi ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

To improve our understanding of the combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) method in general, it is important to study how the dynamics of the TMS-modulated brain activity differs from the dynamics of spontaneous activity. In this paper, we introduce two quantitative measures based on EEG data, called mean state shift (MSS) and state variance (SV), for evaluating the TMS-evoked changes in the brain-state dynamics. MSS quantifies the immediate TMS-elicited change in the brain state, whereas SV shows whether the rate at which the brain state changes is modulated by TMS. We report a statistically significant increase for a period of 100–200 ms after the TMS pulse in both MSS and SV at the group level. This indicates that the TMS-modulated brain state differs from the spontaneous one. Moreover, the TMS-modulated activity is more vigorous than the natural activity.