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European Geosciences Union, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11(9), p. 5655-5675, 2016

DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-5655-2016

European Geosciences Union, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, p. 1-45

DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-156

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Parameterization retrieval of trace gas volume mixing ratios from Airborne MAX-DOAS

Journal article published in 2016 by Barbara Dix ORCID, Theodore K. Koenig ORCID, Rainer Volkamer ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We present a parameterization retrieval of volume mixing ratios (VMRs) from differential slant column density (dSCD) measurements by Airborne Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMAX-DOAS). The method makes use of the fact that horizontally recorded limb spectra (elevation angle 0°) are strongly sensitive to the atmospheric layer at instrument altitude. These limb spectra are analyzed using reference spectra that largely cancel out column contributions from above and below the instrument, so that the resulting limb dSCDs, i.e., the column integrated concentration with respect to a reference spectrum, are almost exclusively sensitive to the atmospheric layers around instrument altitude. The conversion of limb dSCDs into VMRs is then realized by calculating box air mass factors (Box-AMFs) for a Rayleigh atmosphere and applying a scaling factor constrained by O 4 dSCDs to account for aerosol extinction. An iterative VMR retrieval scheme corrects for trace gas profile shape effects. Benefits of this method are (1) a fast conversion that only requires the computation of Box-AMFs in a Rayleigh atmosphere; (2) neither local aerosol extinction nor the slant column density in the DOAS reference (SCD ref ) needs to be known; and (3) VMRs can be retrieved for every measurement point along a flight track, thus increasing statistics and adding flexibility to capture concentration gradients. Sensitivity studies are performed for bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), using (1) simulated dSCD data for different trace gas and aerosol profiles and (2) field measurements from the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogen species and Oxygenated VOC (TORERO) field experiment. For simulated data in a Rayleigh atmosphere, the agreement between the VMR from the parameterization method (VMR para ) and the true VMR (VMR true ) is excellent for all trace gases. Offsets, slopes and R 2 values for the linear fit of VMR para over VMR true are, respectively (0.008 ± 0.001) pptv, 0.988 ± 0.001, 0.987 for BrO; (−0.0066 ± 0.0001) pptv, 1.0021 ± 0.0003, 0.9979 for IO; (−0.17 ± 0.03) pptv, 1.0036 ± 0.0001, 0.9997 for NO 2 . The agreement for atmospheres with aerosol shows comparable R 2 values to the Rayleigh case, but slopes deviate a bit more from one: (0.093 ± 0.002) pptv, 0.933 ± 0.002, 0.907 for BrO; (0.0021 ± 0.0004) pptv, 0.887 ± 0.001, 0.973 for IO; (8.5 ± 0.1) pptv, 0.8302 ± 0.0006, 0.9923 for NO 2 . VMR para from field data are further compared with optimal estimation retrievals (VMR OE ). Least orthogonal distance fit of the data give the following equations: BrO para = (0.1 ± 0.2) pptv + (0.95 ± 0.14) × BrO OE ; IO para = (0.01 ± 0.02) pptv + (1.00 ± 0.12) × IO OE ; NO 2para = (3.9 ± 2.5) pptv + (0.87 ± 0.15) × NO 2OE . Overall, we conclude that the parameterization retrieval is accurate with an uncertainty of 20 % for IO, 30 % for BrO and NO 2 , but not better than 0.05 pptv IO, 0.5 pptv BrO and 10 pptv NO 2 . The retrieval is applicable over a wide range of atmospheric conditions and measurement geometries and not limited to the interpretation of vertical profile measurements in the remote troposphere.