钠离子资源丰富，分布广泛，价格低廉，因而钠离子电池被认为是下一代大规模储能技术的理想选择之一. 然而，钠离子较大的半径和质量不利于它与电极材料的可逆反应. 开发能够快速、稳定储钠的基质材料是提升钠离子电池性能的关键之一. 此外，如何合理地优化电解质，匹配正负极材料，以实现高性能、高安全、低成本钠离子全电池的构建，切实将其推向市场，也是亟待解决的问题. 本文综述了国内外钠离子电池关键材料（包括正极材料、负极材料和电解质）的研究进展，介绍了一些具有代表性的钠离子全电池实例. 对钠离子电池的基础研究和实际应用具有一定参考价值和借鉴意义. ; Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a potential large-scale energy storage technology owing to the abundance, wide distribution, and low price of sodium resources. However, the larger and heavier sodium ion as compared to lithium ion makes it difficult to identify appropriate electrode materials with the capability for fast and stable sodium-ion insertion/extraction. Furthermore, the optimization of electrolyte, the matching of cathode and anode materials, and the construction of sodium-ion full batteries with high-performance, high-safety, and low-cost are urgently needed in order to make SIBs commercially available. This review summarizes the up-to-date research progresses in key materials (including cathode, anode, and electrolyte) of SIBs. Typical examples of sodium-ion full batteries are illustrated. The insights into the development of key materials should shed light on the fundamental research and practical application of SIBs. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（21421001）和教育部重点科技项目（B12015, IRT13R30）资助 ; 作者联系地址：南开大学化学学院，先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室，天津 300071 ; Author's Address: Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：chenabc@nankai.edu.cn