In recent years suspension fired boilers have been increasingly used for biomass based heat and power production in several countries. This has included co-firing of coal and straw, up to 100% firing of wood or straw and the use of additives to remedy problems with biomass firing. In parallel to the commercialization of the suspension biomass firing technology a range of research studies have improved our understanding of the formation of fly ash and the impact on deposit formation and corrosion in such boilers. In this paper a review of the present knowledge with respect to ash and deposit formation in biomass suspension fired boilers is provided. Furthermore the influence of co-firing and use of additives on ash chemistry, deposit properties and boiler operation is discussed.