Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of poking reduction, bone grafting and pedicle screw implanting through injured vertebra in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods Fifty-seven patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures between January 2013 and December 2013 were treated in Chengdu Military General Hospital by poking reduction, bone grafting and pedicle screw implanting through injured vertebra. All the patients were observed and recorded for basic conditions and complications. At pre-operation, 1 week post-operation and last follow-up, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and neurological function score (ASIA) were recorded and the compression ratio of anterior edge and posterior edge of fractured vertebra, compression ratio of spinal canal and Cobb angle were measured and statistically analyzed in all the patients. Results All the patients acquired surgical success with operation time about 70-120min and blood loss about 120-280ml. There was no spinal cord or nerve injury and no dural tear during the surgery. All the patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months and the neurological function significantly recovered. X-ray and CT examination at last follow-up showed good fracture healing, good position and no loosening of internal fixation device. At 1 week post-operation and last follow-up, VAS, compression ratio of anterior edge and posterior edge of fractured vertebra, compression ratio of spinal canal and Cobb angle were significantly lower than those at pre-operation (P0.05). Conclusions Poking reduction, bone grafting and pedicle screw implanting through injured vertebra can effectively restore height of injured vertebra and reduce the compression of spinal canal, which will help correction of spinal kyphosis and recovery of spinal cord function. This method can well maintain height of injured vertebra and significantly reduce risk of long-term vertebral collapse. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.09.06