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Smoking and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Review and Update
Journal article published in 2013 by
Sara Velilla,
José Javier García-Medina 
,
García Medina Jj,
Alfredo García-Layana ,
Rosa Dolz-Marco ,
Sheila Pons-Vázquez,
M. Dolores Pinazo Durán,
M. Dolores Pinazo-Durán,
Pinazo Durán Md,
Francisco Gómez-Ulla,
J. Fernando Arévalo,
Arévalo Jf,
J. Fernando Arévalo,
Manuel Díaz-Llopis,
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
,
García Medina Jj,
Alfredo García-Layana ,
Rosa Dolz-Marco ,
Sheila Pons-Vázquez,
M. Dolores Pinazo Durán,
M. Dolores Pinazo-Durán,
Pinazo Durán Md,
Francisco Gómez-Ulla,
J. Fernando Arévalo,
Arévalo Jf,
J. Fernando Arévalo,
Manuel Díaz-Llopis,
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main socioeconomical health issues worldwide. AMD has a multifactorial etiology with a variety of risk factors. Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for AMD development and progression. The present review summarizes the epidemiological studies evaluating the association between smoking and AMD, the mechanisms through which smoking induces damage to the chorioretinal tissues, and the relevance of advising patients to quit smoking for their visual health.