Workforce health is capturing increased attention as a critical driver of the economy. An important demographic trend that will affect worker health and work disability is aging of the workforce. While the number of aging workers wanting or needing to return to work or stay at work after injury or chronic disease is increasing, knowledge on their specific needs and circumstances has not been summarized in a systematic way. The increasing aging working population will necessitate an understanding of efforts to prevent work disability among aging workers. Therefore, we have undertaken a review to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing poor outcome in aging workers and synthesize the literature on what determines risk of poor outcome in aging workers.