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Copernicus Publications, Earth System Science Data Discussions, p. 1-22

DOI: 10.5194/essd-2016-41

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Strato-mesospheric carbon monoxide profiles above Kiruna since 2008

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

This paper presents the retrieval and validation of a self-consistent timeseries of carbon monoxide (CO) above Kiruna using measurements from the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer (KIMRA). The spectra are inverted using an optimal estimation method to retrieve altitude profiles of CO concentrations in the atmosphere within approximately 48–84 km altitude. Atmospheric temperature data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder aboard the US Air Force meteorological satellite, DMSP-F18, are used in the inversion of KIMRA spectra between January 2011 and May 2014. This dataset is compared with CO data from Microwave Limb Sounder aboard the Aura satellite and shows a high level of agreement at all altitudes: There is a maximum bias for KIMRA of ~ 0.65 ppm at 68 km (corresponding to 14.7 % of the mean CO value at 68 km), and correlations between the instruments are within 0.87 and 0.94. To expand the CO dataset outside of the lifetime of DMSP-F18, another inversion setup was used that incorporates modelled temperatures from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The effect on the retrieved CO profiles when using a different temperature dataset in the inversion was assessed. A comparison of the two overlapping KIMRA CO datasets shows a bias of 0.98 at all altitudes below 82.5 km. The extended dataset shows a higher variation (≤ 6 %) in CO concentrations that is not explained by random error estimates. The extended KIMRA CO timeseries currently spans 2008 to 2015, with gaps corresponding to non-operation and summer periods when CO concentrations below ~ 90 km drop to very low values. The data can be accessed at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.861730 .