Other ; During brain development, dopamine regulates the outgrowth and retraction of neuronal extensions even before synaptic transmission occurs. Numerous studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that activation of the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) results in retraction of the neuropil. Considering that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental illness in which dopamine appears to participate it is thus possible that dopamine’s effects on the neuronal structure could be related to this illness pathophysiology.