Background: Conventional IVF seems to be negatively affected by the presence of leukocytes, whereas the effect of leukocytospermia on ICSI outcome is uncertain. Management Options: The management of leukocytospermia identified during IVF treatment depends on whether male partner is symptomatic or not, and on the screening infection policy adopted by the IVF centre. If either the male partner is symptomatic or asymptomatic, but without being screened for semen infections, the couple should be counselled to cryopreserve oocytes. If the male partner is asymptomatic but he has been screened for semen infections, the IVF may be done. However, ICSI should be preferred over conventional IVF and sperm should be prepared using swim-up. Prevention: Screening for infections should be performed in both partners before starting procedure. If leukocytospermia is present and semen culture are negative, semen leukocyte count should be repeated after 1-2 months. If leukocytospermia persist a treatment should be administered.