Recent evidence of changes in the physical (temperature and salinity) and chemical (pH, total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon and the partial pressure of CO2) parameters in different locations of the western Mediterranean basin is briefly summarized. In particular we report evidence of an increase in temperature and salinity of the Mediterranean outflow in the Gulf of Cadiz with an acceleration during the last decades. Further, some recent results obtained in the framework of the “CIESM-SUB” cruises and the VECTOR project in the Tyrrhenian Sea are also presented.