This presentation provides a report on two major investments in wheat molecular biology, namely the sequencing of chromosome 7A and the Australia - China Centre for Wheat Improvement (ACCWI). The sequencing of chromosome 7A project (GRDC/BioPlatforms Australia funded) is supported by the International Wheat genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) and has established the physical assembly of BAC clones prepared from flow sorted ditelocentric chromosomes. The Hiseq sequencing of BAC pools (AGRF) is approximately two thirds completed. The BAC pools being sequenced comprise contigs of 1 - 2 Mb genomic DNA which were assembled using the SNAPshot DNA fingerprinting of individual BACs with 5 restriction endonucleases. Anchoring of the sequence assemblies is being achieved using the 9K and 90K SNP chip based molecular genetic maps as well as the standard deletion maps for chromosome 7A and the published 7A genome sequence for Triticum urartu . The new ACCWI will act as the conduit through which in - depth genome sequence information for chromosome 7A as well as the other chromosomes (through the IWGSC) can be integrated into broader molecular breeding initiatives aimed at increasing the accuracy and efficiency with which wheat phenotypes can be defined. The ACCWI core phenotype targets will focus on grain yield and quality with the characterization of individual quality parameters being undertaken through the use of mass spectroscopy to generate grain protein profiles/signatures, the technology of which is dependent on genome sequences to define genes. The ACCWI - strategy for linking grain protein profiles/signatures to agronomic traits of interest to marketers of grains and breeders will be discussed.