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American Chemical Society, Chemistry of Materials, 7(23), p. 1719-1726, 2011

DOI: 10.1021/cm102292b

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Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition of transparent conductive gallium−indium−oxide films

Journal article published in 2011 by Caroline E. Knapp, Geoffrey Hyett, Ivan P. Parkin ORCID, Claire J. Carmalt ORCID
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) reactions of GaMe3, InMe3, and 6 equiv of the donor functionalized alcohol, HOCH2CH2OMe, in toluene resulted in the deposition of colorless, transparent gallium−indium−oxide films at a range of temperatures (350−450 °C). The gallium−indium−oxide films were analyzed by a range of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), glancing-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and wavelength dispersive analysis of X-rays (WDX). The optimum growth temperature was found to be 450 °C, which produced transparent films with a composition of Ga0.6In1.4O3 as determined by WDX. XPS confirmed the presence of indium, gallium, and oxygen in the films. Annealing these films at 1000 °C resulted in crystalline films, and glancing-angle powder XRD showed a gallium-substituted cubic In2O3 lattice was adopted with a lattice parameter, a = 9.84 Å. AFM showed that the annealed films on quartz had a root-mean-square roughness of 94−200 nm, and the work function was measured to be 4.6 eV. The four point probe method was used to determine a sheet resistivity, Rs = 83.3 Ω/square, and a low electrical resistivity value (for example 6.66 × 10−4 Ω cm in 80 nm sample thickness, as determined by side-on SEM for films deposited on glass).Keywords: gallium indium oxide; transparent conducting oxide; thin film; AACVD