Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs.

Ösby, Urban; of_the_Psychiatric_Genomics_Consortium, Cross-Disorder_group; de Geus, Eco; de Haan, Lieuwe; van Os, Jim; collaborator: Steinhausen, H.-C.; van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, S. Hong; Wj, Hoogendijk; Ripke, Stephan; Wm, McMahon; Wj, Muir; Lee, Sh; Neale, Benjamin M.; Sm, Purcell; Absher, Devin; Faraone, Stephen V.; Js, Witte; Agartz, Ingrid; Akil, Huda; Amin, Farooq; Purcell, Shaun M.; Andreassen, Ole A.; Anjorin, Adebayo; Bm, Neale; Anney, Richard; Perlis, Roy H.; Anttila, Verneri; Arking, Dan E.; Wiersma, Durk; Asherson, Philip; Sv, Faraone; Mowry, Bryan J.; Azevedo, Maria H.; Williamson, Richard; Backlund, Lena; Badner, Judith A.; Thapar, Anita; Bailey, Anthony J.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Hong Lee, S.; Barchas, Jack D.; Goddard, Michael E.; Barnes, Michael R.; Rh, Perlis; Barrett, Thomas B.; Bass, Nicholas; Bj, Mowry; Witte, John S.; Battaglia, Agatino; Bauer, Michael; Dh, Blackwood; Bayés, Mònica; Bellivier, Frank; Bergen, Sarah E.; Me, Goddard; Berrettini, Wade; Betancur, Catalina; Jones, Richard Ian; Bettecken, Thomas; Biederman, Joseph; Binder, Elisabeth B.; Black, Donald W.; Blackwood, Douglas H. R.; Bloss, Cinnamon S.; Boehnke, Michael; Oa, Andreassen; Boomsma, Dorret I.; De, Arking; Breen, Gerome; Breuer, René; Burmeister, Margit; Bruggeman, Richard; Cormican, Paul; Mh, Azevedo; Buccola, Nancy G.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Ja, Badner; Bunney, William E.; Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Byerley, William F.; Aj, Bailey; Byrne, Enda M.; Caesar, Sian; Nicol Ferrier, I.; Cahn, Wiepke; Jd, Barchas; Cantor, Rita M.; Celestino-Soper, Patrícia Bs; Casas, Miguel; Chakravarti, Aravinda; Mr, Barnes; Chambert, Kimberly; Tb, Barrett; Choudhury, Khalid; Cichon, Sven; Se, Bergen; Cloninger, Cr Robert; Collier, David A.; Cook, Edwin H.; Robert Cloninger, C.; Coon, Hilary; Cormand, Bru; Corvin, Aiden; Eb, Binder; Coryell, William H.; Craig, David W.; Dw, Black; Craig, Ian W.; Nb, Freimer; Crosbie, Jennifer; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Cm, Freitag; Curtis, David; Czamara, Darina; Cs, Bloss; Datta, Susmita; Dawson, Geraldine; Pv, Gejman; Day, Richard; De Geus, Eco J.; Di, Boomsma; Degenhardt, Franziska; Donohoe, Gary J.; Es, Gershon; Djurovic, Srdjan; Doyle, Alysa E.; Elkin, Amanda; Duan, Jubao; Dh, Geschwind; Dudbridge, Frank; Duketis, Eftichia; Kahler, Ak; Ebstein, Richard P.; Sd, Gordon; Edenberg, Howard J.; Elia, Josephine; Ek, Green; Ennis, Sean; Etain, Bruno; Ta, Greenwood; Fanous, Ayman; De, Grice; Farmer, Anne E.; Ferrier, In Nicol; Flickinger, Matthew; Ng, Buccola; Fullerton, Janice M.; Fombonne, Eric; Foroud, Tatiana; Frank, Josef; Jl, Haines; Franke, Barbara; Sp, Hamilton; Fraser, Christine; Ml, Hamshere; Freedman, Robert; Freimer, Nelson B.; Jk, Buitelaar; Freitag, Christine M.; Tf, Hansen; Friedl, Marion; Frisén, Louise; Am, Hartmann; Gejman, Pablo V.; Gallagher, Louise; Ac, Heath; Ak, Henders; Georgieva, Lyudmila; Gershon, Elliot S.; We, Bunney; Geschwind, Daniel H.; Giegling, Ina; Ib, Hickie; Gill, Michael; Jd, Buxbaum; Gordon, Scott D.; Pa, Holmans; Gordon-Smith, Katherine; Green, Elaine K.; Wf, Byerley; Greenwood, Tiffany A.; Em, Byrne; Grice, Dorothy E.; Jj, Hottenga; Gross, Magdalena; Cm, Hultman; Grozeva, Detelina; Guan, Weihua; Rm, Cantor; Gurling, Hugh; Kaehler, Anna K.; Haines, Jonathan L.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Eg, Jones; Hamilton, Steven P.; Hallmayer, Joachim; De Haan, L.; Hamshere, Marian L.; Jy, Tzeng; Hansen, Thomas F.; Hartmann, Annette M.; Ak, Kähler; Hautzinger, Martin; Cr, Cloninger; Heath, Andrew C.; Henders, Anjali K.; Rs, Kahn; Herms, Stefan; Hickie, Ian B.; Mc, Keller; Hipolito, Maria; Hoefels, Susanne; Da, Collier; Jl, Kennedy; Holmans, Peter A.; Hoogendijk, Witte J.; Holsboer, Florian; Jones, Lisa; Eh, Cook; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Gk, Kirov; Hultman, Christina M.; Hus, Vanessa; Dhr, Blackwood; Jones, Ian; Ingason, Andres; Sm, Klauck; Ja, Knowles; Ising, Marcus; Ma, Kohli; Dl, Koller; Jones, Edward G.; Jamain, Stéphane; Kähler, Anna K.; Wh, Coryell; Dw, Craig; Tzeng, Jung-Ying; Muhleisen, Tw; Kahn, René S.; Lee, Phil Hyoun; Iw, Craig; Kandaswamy, Radhika; Keller, Matthew C.; Kennedy, James L.; Muller-Myhsok, B.; Kenny, Elaine; Langstrom, Niklas; Ml, Cuccaro; Kent, Lindsey; Wb, Lawson; Kim, Yunjung; Kirov, George K.; Dh, Ledbetter; Klauck, Sabine M.; Klei, Lambertus; Mcmahon, William; Knowles, James A.; Kohli, Martin A.; Ph, Lee; Koller, Daniel L.; Kp, Lesch; Konte, Bettina; Df, Levinson; Korszun, Ania; Krabbendam, Lydia; Mccarroll, Steven; Krasucki, Robert; Långström, Niklas; Cm, Lewis; Kuntsi, Jonna; Kwan, Phoenix; Ja, Lieberman; Landén, Mikael; Mcghee, Kevin; Consortium, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics; Lathrop, Mark; Lawrence, Jacob; Dy, Lin; Lawson, William B.; Ej, De Geus; Leboyer, Marion; Ledbetter, David H.; Dh, Linszen; Lee, Phil Hong; Lencz, Todd; Mcgough, James; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Levinson, Douglas F.; Fw, Lohoff; Lewis, Cathryn M.; Sk, Loo; Li, Jun; Jk, Lowe; Lichtenstein, Paul; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Mcgrath, Patrick; Lin, Dan-Yu; Dj, MacIntyre; Linszen, Don H.; Pa, Madden; Liu, Chunyu; Zöllner, Sebastian; Pk, Magnusson; Lohoff, Falk W.; Loo, Sandra K.; Pb, Mahon; Lord, Catherine; Mcinnis, Melvin; Lowe, Jennifer K.; Gj, Donohoe; Lucae, Susanne; Macintyre, Donald J.; Ak, Malhotra; Madden, Pamela Af F.; Sm, Mane; Maestrini, Elena; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Cl, Martin; Mahon, Pamela B.; Ng, Martin; Maier, Wolfgang; Malhotra, Anil K.; Ae, Doyle; Mane, Shrikant M.; Sa, McCarroll; Martin, Christa L.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Ka, McGhee; Mattheisen, Manuel; Jj, McGough; Matthews, Keith; Mattingsdal, Morten; Pj, McGrath; McCarroll, Steven A.; Mg, McInnis; McGhee, Kevin A.; Muehleisen, Thomas W.; McGough, James Jj; Rp, Ebstein; McGrath, Patrick J.; McGuffin, Peter; Hj, Edenberg; McInnis, Melvin G.; Aw, McLean; McIntosh, Andrew; McKinney, Rebecca; Fj, McMahon; Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram; McLean, Alan W.; McMahon, Francis J.; Mcmahon, F. J.; McMahon, William M.; Mcmahon, W. M.; McQuillin, Andrew; Ae, Farmer; Medeiros, Helena; Se, Medland; Medland, Sarah E.; In, Ferrier; Meier, Sandra; Melle, Ingrid; Cm, Middeldorp; Meng, Fan; Meyer, Jobst; Middeldorp, Christel M.; Ap, Monaco; Middleton, Lefkos; Ja, Sergeant; Milanova, Vihra; Gw, Montgomery; Miranda, Ana; Monaco, Anthony P.; Jl, Moran; Montgomery, Grant W.; Dw, Morris; Moran, Jennifer L.; Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel; Em, Morrow; Morken, Gunnar; Morris, Derek W.; Noethen, Markus M.; Tw, Mühleisen; Morrow, Eric M.; Moskvina, Valentina; Rm, Myers; Muglia, Pierandrea; Mühleisen, Thomas W.; Muir, Walter J.; Mc, Neale; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Murtha, Michael; Sf, Nelson; Myers, Richard M.; Cm, Nievergelt; Myin-Germeys, Inez; Neale, Michael C.; Wa, Nolen; Mm, Nöthen; Nelson, Stan F.; Nievergelt, Caroline M.; Nikolov, Ivan; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Ji, Nurnberger; Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit; Nolen, Willem A.; Ea, Nwulia; Dr, Nyholt; Nöthen, Markus M.; Nurnberger, John I.; Mitchell, Philip B.; Nwulia, Evaristus A.; Rd, Oades; O'Dushlaine, Colm; De-Luca, Daniel Moreno; Oades, Robert D.; Ra, Ophoff; Olincy, Ann; Oliveira, Guiomar; Mj, Owen; Olsen, Line; Ophoff, Roel A.; Jr, Parr; Nyholt, Dale R.; Osby, Urban; Ad, Paterson; Owen, Michael J.; Palotie, Aarno; Parr, Jeremy R.; Cn, Pato; Paterson, Andrew D.; Pato, Carlos N.; Mt, Pato; Pato, Michele T.; Bw, Penninx; Penninx, Brenda W.; Ml, Pergadia; Pergadia, Michele L.; Zoellner, Sebastian; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Ma, Pericak Vance; Pickard, Benjamin S.; Bs, Pickard; Pimm, Jonathan; Piven, Joseph; Thompson, Robert C.; Posthuma, Danielle; Potash, James B.; Jb, Potash; Poustka, Fritz; Propping, Peter; Dj, Quested; Puri, Vinay; Quested, Digby J.; Quinn, Emma M.; Em, Quinn; Ja, Ramos Quiroga; Rasmussen, Henrik B.; Rehnstroem, Karola; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Raychaudhuri, Soumya; Hb, Rasmussen; Reif, Andreas; Jp, Rice; Rehnström, Karola; Ribasés, Marta; Joseph, Sergeant; Rice, John P.; Rietschel, Marcella; Roeder, Kathryn; Nöthen, Markus; Roeyers, Herbert; Rossin, Lizzy; Rothenberger, Aribert; Ar, Sanders; Rouleau, Guy; Ruderfer, Douglas; Sj, Sanders; Rujescu, Dan; Sanders, Alan R.; Sl, Santangelo; J. A., Sergeant; Sanders, Stephan J.; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Santangelo, Susan L.; Sargeant, Joseph A.; A., Joseph; Af, Schatzberg; Schachar, Russell; Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Josep; Schalling, Martin; Wa, Scheftner; Schatzberg, Alan F.; Scheftner, William A.; Gd, Schellenberg; Schellenberg, Gerard D.; Sw, Scherer; Scherer, Stephen W.; Nj, Schork; Schork, Nicholas J.; Xu, Wei; Iibdgc,; Schulze, Thomas G.; Young, Allan H.; Tg, Schulze; Schumacher, Johannes; Schwarz, Markus; Schofield, Peter R.; Yu, Timothy W.; Scolnick, Edward; Scott, Laura J.; Zammit, Stanley; Lj, Scott; Shi, Jianxin; Pd, Shilling; Zandi, Peter Pp; Shilling, Paul D.; Shyn, Stanley I.; Zhang, Peng; Si, Shyn; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Jm, Silverman; Slager, Susan L.; Zitman, Frans G.; Sl, Slager; Smalley, Susan L.; Smit, Johannes H.; Sl, Smalley; Smith, Erin N.; Jh, Smit; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund Js S.; St Clair, David; En, Smith; State, Matthew; Ej, Sonuga Barke; Steffens, Michael; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Thompson, R. C.; Strauss, John S.; Thompson, Eric Robert; Wray, Naomi R.; Strohmaier, Jana; Hc, Steinhausen; Stroup, Ts Scott; O’Donovan, Michael; Sutcliffe, James S.; Szatmari, Peter; Js, Strauss; Szelinger, Szabocls; Ts, Stroup; Thirumalai, Srinivasa; Js, Sutcliffe; Todorov, Alexandre Aa; Rc, Thompson; Tozzi, Federica; Jb, Duan; Treutlein, Jens; Uhr, Manfred; Aa, Todorov; Scott Stroup, T.; Van Grootheest, G.; Van Grootheest, Gerard; Van Os, J.; Ej, van den Oord; Vicente, Astrid M.; Am, Vicente; Vieland, Veronica J.; Vj, Vieland; Vincent, John B.; Jb, Vincent; Visscher, Peter M.; Pm, Visscher; Walsh, Christopher A.; Ca, Walsh; Wassink, Thomas H.; Th, Wassink; Watson, Stanley J.; Weissman, Myrna Mm; Sj, Watson; Werge, Thomas; Jeremy Willsey, A.; Wienker, Thomas F.; Mm, Weissman; Wijsman, Ellen M.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Tf, Wienker; Williams, Nigel; Em, Wijsman; Willsey, Aj Jeremy; Witt, Stephanie H.; Aj, Willsey; (Iibdgc, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium; Sh, Witt; Ah, Young; Tw, Yu; Pp, Zandi; Fg, Zitman; Barke, Edmund; (Iibdgc), International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium; Jr, Kelsoe; Devlin, Bernie; Kelsoe, John R.; Mj, Daly; Sklar, Pamela; Mc, O'Donovan; Daly, Mark J.; Author:, inlcuding The Following; O'Donovan, Michael C.; Craddock, Nicholas; Pf, Sullivan; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Jw, Smoller; Smoller, Jordan W.; Genomi, Cross-Disorder Grp Psychiat; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Ks, Kendler; Nr, Wray; Genetic, Int Inflammatory Bowel Dis; Other, And

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Ösby et al., 2013

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@article{Ösby2013,
  abstract = {Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 +/- 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 +/- 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 +/- 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 +/- 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 +/- 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.},
  author = {Ösby, Urban and of_the_Psychiatric_Genomics_Consortium, Cross-Disorder_group and de Geus, Eco and de Haan, Lieuwe and van Os, Jim and collaborator: Steinhausen, H.-C. and van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. and Lee, S. H. and Lee, S. Hong and Wj, Hoogendijk and Ripke, Stephan and Wm, McMahon and Wj, Muir and Lee, Sh and Neale, Benjamin M. and Sm, Purcell and Absher, Devin and Faraone, Stephen V. and Js, Witte and Agartz, Ingrid and Akil, Huda and Amin, Farooq and Purcell, Shaun M. and Andreassen, Ole A. and Anjorin, Adebayo and Bm, Neale and Anney, Richard and Perlis, Roy H. and Anttila, Verneri and Arking, Dan E. and Wiersma, Durk and Asherson, Philip and Sv, Faraone and Mowry, Bryan J. and Azevedo, Maria H. and Williamson, Richard and Backlund, Lena and Badner, Judith A. and Thapar, Anita and Bailey, Anthony J. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Hong Lee, S. and Barchas, Jack D. and Goddard, Michael E. and Barnes, Michael R. and Rh, Perlis and Barrett, Thomas B. and Bass, Nicholas and Bj, Mowry and Witte, John S. and Battaglia, Agatino and Bauer, Michael and Dh, Blackwood and Bayés, Mònica and Bellivier, Frank and Bergen, Sarah E. and Me, Goddard and Berrettini, Wade and Betancur, Catalina and Jones, Richard Ian and Bettecken, Thomas and Biederman, Joseph and Binder, Elisabeth B. and Black, Donald W. and Blackwood, Douglas H. R. and Bloss, Cinnamon S. and Boehnke, Michael and Oa, Andreassen and Boomsma, Dorret I. and De, Arking and Breen, Gerome and Breuer, René and Burmeister, Margit and Bruggeman, Richard and Cormican, Paul and Mh, Azevedo and Buccola, Nancy G. and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Ja, Badner and Bunney, William E. and Buxbaum, Joseph D. and Byerley, William F. and Aj, Bailey and Byrne, Enda M. and Caesar, Sian and Nicol Ferrier, I. and Cahn, Wiepke and Jd, Barchas and Cantor, Rita M. and Celestino-Soper, Patrícia Bs and Casas, Miguel and Chakravarti, Aravinda and Mr, Barnes and Chambert, Kimberly and Tb, Barrett and Choudhury, Khalid and Cichon, Sven and Se, Bergen and Cloninger, Cr Robert and Collier, David A. and Cook, Edwin H. and Robert Cloninger, C. and Coon, Hilary and Cormand, Bru and Corvin, Aiden and Eb, Binder and Coryell, William H. and Craig, David W. and Dw, Black and Craig, Ian W. and Nb, Freimer and Crosbie, Jennifer and Cuccaro, Michael L. and Cm, Freitag and Curtis, David and Czamara, Darina and Cs, Bloss and Datta, Susmita and Dawson, Geraldine and Pv, Gejman and Day, Richard and De Geus, Eco J. and Di, Boomsma and Degenhardt, Franziska and Donohoe, Gary J. and Es, Gershon and Djurovic, Srdjan and Doyle, Alysa E. and Elkin, Amanda and Duan, Jubao and Dh, Geschwind and Dudbridge, Frank and Duketis, Eftichia and Kahler, Ak and Ebstein, Richard P. and Sd, Gordon and Edenberg, Howard J. and Elia, Josephine and Ek, Green and Ennis, Sean and Etain, Bruno and Ta, Greenwood and Fanous, Ayman and De, Grice and Farmer, Anne E. and Ferrier, In Nicol and Flickinger, Matthew and Ng, Buccola and Fullerton, Janice M. and Fombonne, Eric and Foroud, Tatiana and Frank, Josef and Jl, Haines and Franke, Barbara and Sp, Hamilton and Fraser, Christine and Ml, Hamshere and Freedman, Robert and Freimer, Nelson B. and Jk, Buitelaar and Freitag, Christine M. and Tf, Hansen and Friedl, Marion and Frisén, Louise and Am, Hartmann and Gejman, Pablo V. and Gallagher, Louise and Ac, Heath and Ak, Henders and Georgieva, Lyudmila and Gershon, Elliot S. and We, Bunney and Geschwind, Daniel H. and Giegling, Ina and Ib, Hickie and Gill, Michael and Jd, Buxbaum and Gordon, Scott D. and Pa, Holmans and Gordon-Smith, Katherine and Green, Elaine K. and Wf, Byerley and Greenwood, Tiffany A. and Em, Byrne and Grice, Dorothy E. and Jj, Hottenga and Gross, Magdalena and Cm, Hultman and Grozeva, Detelina and Guan, Weihua and Rm, Cantor and Gurling, Hugh and Kaehler, Anna K. and Haines, Jonathan L. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Eg, Jones and Hamilton, Steven P. and Hallmayer, Joachim and De Haan, L. and Hamshere, Marian L. and Jy, Tzeng and Hansen, Thomas F. and Hartmann, Annette M. and Ak, Kähler and Hautzinger, Martin and Cr, Cloninger and Heath, Andrew C. and Henders, Anjali K. and Rs, Kahn and Herms, Stefan and Hickie, Ian B. and Mc, Keller and Hipolito, Maria and Hoefels, Susanne and Da, Collier and Jl, Kennedy and Holmans, Peter A. and Hoogendijk, Witte J. and Holsboer, Florian and Jones, Lisa and Eh, Cook and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Gk, Kirov and Hultman, Christina M. and Hus, Vanessa and Dhr, Blackwood and Jones, Ian and Ingason, Andres and Sm, Klauck and Ja, Knowles and Ising, Marcus and Ma, Kohli and Dl, Koller and Jones, Edward G. and Jamain, Stéphane and Kähler, Anna K. and Wh, Coryell and Dw, Craig and Tzeng, Jung-Ying and Muhleisen, Tw and Kahn, René S. and Lee, Phil Hyoun and Iw, Craig and Kandaswamy, Radhika and Keller, Matthew C. and Kennedy, James L. and Muller-Myhsok, B. and Kenny, Elaine and Langstrom, Niklas and Ml, Cuccaro and Kent, Lindsey and Wb, Lawson and Kim, Yunjung and Kirov, George K. and Dh, Ledbetter and Klauck, Sabine M. and Klei, Lambertus and Mcmahon, William and Knowles, James A. and Kohli, Martin A. and Ph, Lee and Koller, Daniel L. and Kp, Lesch and Konte, Bettina and Df, Levinson and Korszun, Ania and Krabbendam, Lydia and Mccarroll, Steven and Krasucki, Robert and Långström, Niklas and Cm, Lewis and Kuntsi, Jonna and Kwan, Phoenix and Ja, Lieberman and Landén, Mikael and Mcghee, Kevin and Consortium, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics and Lathrop, Mark and Lawrence, Jacob and Dy, Lin and Lawson, William B. and Ej, De Geus and Leboyer, Marion and Ledbetter, David H. and Dh, Linszen and Lee, Phil Hong and Lencz, Todd and Mcgough, James and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Levinson, Douglas F. and Fw, Lohoff and Lewis, Cathryn M. and Sk, Loo and Li, Jun and Jk, Lowe and Lichtenstein, Paul and Lieberman, Jeffrey A. and Mcgrath, Patrick and Lin, Dan-Yu and Dj, MacIntyre and Linszen, Don H. and Pa, Madden and Liu, Chunyu and Zöllner, Sebastian and Pk, Magnusson and Lohoff, Falk W. and Loo, Sandra K. and Pb, Mahon and Lord, Catherine and Mcinnis, Melvin and Lowe, Jennifer K. and Gj, Donohoe and Lucae, Susanne and Macintyre, Donald J. and Ak, Malhotra and Madden, Pamela Af F. and Sm, Mane and Maestrini, Elena and Magnusson, Patrik K. E. and Cl, Martin and Mahon, Pamela B. and Ng, Martin and Maier, Wolfgang and Malhotra, Anil K. and Ae, Doyle and Mane, Shrikant M. and Sa, McCarroll and Martin, Christa L. and Martin, Nicholas G. and Ka, McGhee and Mattheisen, Manuel and Jj, McGough and Matthews, Keith and Mattingsdal, Morten and Pj, McGrath and McCarroll, Steven A. and Mg, McInnis and McGhee, Kevin A. and Muehleisen, Thomas W. and McGough, James Jj and Rp, Ebstein and McGrath, Patrick J. and McGuffin, Peter and Hj, Edenberg and McInnis, Melvin G. and Aw, McLean and McIntosh, Andrew and McKinney, Rebecca and Fj, McMahon and Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram and McLean, Alan W. and McMahon, Francis J. and Mcmahon, F. J. and McMahon, William M. and Mcmahon, W. M. and McQuillin, Andrew and Ae, Farmer and Medeiros, Helena and Se, Medland and Medland, Sarah E. and In, Ferrier and Meier, Sandra and Melle, Ingrid and Cm, Middeldorp and Meng, Fan and Meyer, Jobst and Middeldorp, Christel M. and Ap, Monaco and Middleton, Lefkos and Ja, Sergeant and Milanova, Vihra and Gw, Montgomery and Miranda, Ana and Monaco, Anthony P. and Jl, Moran and Montgomery, Grant W. and Dw, Morris and Moran, Jennifer L. and Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel and Em, Morrow and Morken, Gunnar and Morris, Derek W. and Noethen, Markus M. and Tw, Mühleisen and Morrow, Eric M. and Moskvina, Valentina and Rm, Myers and Muglia, Pierandrea and Mühleisen, Thomas W. and Muir, Walter J. and Mc, Neale and Müller-Myhsok, Bertram and Murtha, Michael and Sf, Nelson and Myers, Richard M. and Cm, Nievergelt and Myin-Germeys, Inez and Neale, Michael C. and Wa, Nolen and Mm, Nöthen and Nelson, Stan F. and Nievergelt, Caroline M. and Nikolov, Ivan and Müller-Myhsok, Bertram and Ji, Nurnberger and Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit and Nolen, Willem A. and Ea, Nwulia and Dr, Nyholt and Nöthen, Markus M. and Nurnberger, John I. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Nwulia, Evaristus A. and Rd, Oades and O'Dushlaine, Colm and De-Luca, Daniel Moreno and Oades, Robert D. and Ra, Ophoff and Olincy, Ann and Oliveira, Guiomar and Mj, Owen and Olsen, Line and Ophoff, Roel A. and Jr, Parr and Nyholt, Dale R. and Osby, Urban and Ad, Paterson and Owen, Michael J. and Palotie, Aarno and Parr, Jeremy R. and Cn, Pato and Paterson, Andrew D. and Pato, Carlos N. and Mt, Pato and Pato, Michele T. and Bw, Penninx and Penninx, Brenda W. and Ml, Pergadia and Pergadia, Michele L. and Zoellner, Sebastian and Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. and Ma, Pericak Vance and Pickard, Benjamin S. and Bs, Pickard and Pimm, Jonathan and Piven, Joseph and Thompson, Robert C. and Posthuma, Danielle and Potash, James B. and Jb, Potash and Poustka, Fritz and Propping, Peter and Dj, Quested and Puri, Vinay and Quested, Digby J. and Quinn, Emma M. and Em, Quinn and Ja, Ramos Quiroga and Rasmussen, Henrik B. and Rehnstroem, Karola and Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni and Raychaudhuri, Soumya and Hb, Rasmussen and Reif, Andreas and Jp, Rice and Rehnström, Karola and Ribasés, Marta and Joseph, Sergeant and Rice, John P. and Rietschel, Marcella and Roeder, Kathryn and Nöthen, Markus and Roeyers, Herbert and Rossin, Lizzy and Rothenberger, Aribert and Ar, Sanders and Rouleau, Guy and Ruderfer, Douglas and Sj, Sanders and Rujescu, Dan and Sanders, Alan R. and Sl, Santangelo and J. A., Sergeant and Sanders, Stephan J. and Sergeant, Joseph A. and Santangelo, Susan L. and Sargeant, Joseph A. and A., Joseph and Af, Schatzberg and Schachar, Russell and Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Josep and Schalling, Martin and Wa, Scheftner and Schatzberg, Alan F. and Scheftner, William A. and Gd, Schellenberg and Schellenberg, Gerard D. and Sw, Scherer and Scherer, Stephen W. and Nj, Schork and Schork, Nicholas J. and Xu, Wei and Iibdgc,  and Schulze, Thomas G. and Young, Allan H. and Tg, Schulze and Schumacher, Johannes and Schwarz, Markus and Schofield, Peter R. and Yu, Timothy W. and Scolnick, Edward and Scott, Laura J. and Zammit, Stanley and Lj, Scott and Shi, Jianxin and Pd, Shilling and Zandi, Peter Pp and Shilling, Paul D. and Shyn, Stanley I. and Zhang, Peng and Si, Shyn and Silverman, Jeremy M. and Jm, Silverman and Slager, Susan L. and Zitman, Frans G. and Sl, Slager and Smalley, Susan L. and Smit, Johannes H. and Sl, Smalley and Smith, Erin N. and Jh, Smit and Sonuga-Barke, Edmund Js S. and St Clair, David and En, Smith and State, Matthew and Ej, Sonuga Barke and Steffens, Michael and Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph and Thompson, R. C. and Strauss, John S. and Thompson, Eric Robert and Wray, Naomi R. and Strohmaier, Jana and Hc, Steinhausen and Stroup, Ts Scott and O’Donovan, Michael and Sutcliffe, James S. and Szatmari, Peter and Js, Strauss and Szelinger, Szabocls and Ts, Stroup and Thirumalai, Srinivasa and Js, Sutcliffe and Todorov, Alexandre Aa and Rc, Thompson and Tozzi, Federica and Jb, Duan and Treutlein, Jens and Uhr, Manfred and Aa, Todorov and Scott Stroup, T. and Van Grootheest, G. and Van Grootheest, Gerard and Van Os, J. and Ej, van den Oord and Vicente, Astrid M. and Am, Vicente and Vieland, Veronica J. and Vj, Vieland and Vincent, John B. and Jb, Vincent and Visscher, Peter M. and Pm, Visscher and Walsh, Christopher A. and Ca, Walsh and Wassink, Thomas H. and Th, Wassink and Watson, Stanley J. and Weissman, Myrna Mm and Sj, Watson and Werge, Thomas and Jeremy Willsey, A. and Wienker, Thomas F. and Mm, Weissman and Wijsman, Ellen M. and Willemsen, Gonneke and Tf, Wienker and Williams, Nigel and Em, Wijsman and Willsey, Aj Jeremy and Witt, Stephanie H. and Aj, Willsey and (Iibdgc, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium and Sh, Witt and Ah, Young and Tw, Yu and Pp, Zandi and Fg, Zitman and Barke, Edmund and (Iibdgc), International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium and Jr, Kelsoe and Devlin, Bernie and Kelsoe, John R. and Mj, Daly and Sklar, Pamela and Mc, O'Donovan and Daly, Mark J. and Author:, inlcuding The Following and O'Donovan, Michael C. and Craddock, Nicholas and Pf, Sullivan and Sullivan, Patrick F. and Jw, Smoller and Smoller, Jordan W. and Genomi, Cross-Disorder Grp Psychiat and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Ks, Kendler and Nr, Wray and Genetic, Int Inflammatory Bowel Dis and Other, And},
  doi = {10.5167/uzh-89655},
  month = {aug},
  title = {Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs.},
  url = {http://www.hal.inserm.fr/docs/00/86/46/42/PDF/34137_Wray_submitted_v2.pdf},
  year = {2013}
}

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Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs.

Journal article published in 2013 by Urban Ösby, Cross-Disorder_group of_the_Psychiatric_Genomics_Consortium, Eco de Geus, Lieuwe de Haan, Jim van Os, H.-C. collaborator: Steinhausen, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, S. H. Lee, S. Hong Lee, Hoogendijk Wj, Stephan Ripke, McMahon Wm, Muir Wj, Sh Lee, Benjamin M. Neale and other authors. Urban Ösby, Cross-Disorder_group of_the_Psychiatric_Genomics_Consortium, Eco de Geus, Lieuwe de Haan, Jim van Os, H.-C. collaborator: Steinhausen, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, S. H. Lee, S. Hong Lee, Hoogendijk Wj, Stephan Ripke, McMahon Wm, Muir Wj, Sh Lee, Benjamin M. Neale, Purcell Sm, Devin Absher, Stephen V. Faraone

, Witte Js, Ingrid Agartz, Huda Akil, Farooq Amin, Shaun M. Purcell, Ole A. Andreassen

, Adebayo Anjorin, Neale Bm, Richard Anney, Roy H. Perlis, Verneri Anttila

, Dan E. Arking, Durk Wiersma, Philip Asherson, Faraone Sv, Bryan J. Mowry, Maria H. Azevedo, Richard Williamson, Lena Backlund, Judith A. Badner, Anita Thapar

, Anthony J. Bailey, Tobias Banaschewski, S. Hong Lee, Jack D. Barchas, Michael E. Goddard, Michael R. Barnes

, Perlis Rh, Thomas B. Barrett, Nicholas Bass, Mowry Bj, John S. Witte, Agatino Battaglia, Michael Bauer, Blackwood Dh, Mònica Bayés, Frank Bellivier, Sarah E. Bergen, Goddard Me, Wade Berrettini, Catalina Betancur, Richard Ian Jones, Thomas Bettecken, Joseph Biederman, Elisabeth B. Binder, Donald W. Black, Douglas H. R. Blackwood, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Michael Boehnke, Andreassen Oa, Dorret I. Boomsma, Arking De, Gerome Breen, René Breuer, Margit Burmeister, Richard Bruggeman, Paul Cormican, Azevedo Mh, Nancy G. Buccola, Jan K. Buitelaar, Badner Ja, William E. Bunney, Joseph D. Buxbaum, William F. Byerley, Bailey Aj, Enda M. Byrne, Sian Caesar, I. Nicol Ferrier, Wiepke Cahn, Barchas Jd, Rita M. Cantor, Patrícia Bs Celestino-Soper, Miguel Casas, Aravinda Chakravarti, Barnes Mr, Kimberly Chambert, Barrett Tb, Khalid Choudhury, Sven Cichon, Bergen Se, Cr Robert Cloninger, David A. Collier, Edwin H. Cook, C. Robert Cloninger, Hilary Coon, Bru Cormand, Aiden Corvin, Binder Eb, William H. Coryell, David W. Craig, Black Dw, Ian W. Craig, Freimer Nb, Jennifer Crosbie, Michael L. Cuccaro, Freitag Cm, David Curtis, Darina Czamara, Bloss Cs, Susmita Datta, Geraldine Dawson, Gejman Pv, Richard Day, Eco J. De Geus, Boomsma Di, Franziska Degenhardt, Gary J. Donohoe, Gershon Es, Srdjan Djurovic, Alysa E. Doyle, Amanda Elkin, Jubao Duan, Geschwind Dh, Frank Dudbridge, Eftichia Duketis, Ak Kahler, Richard P. Ebstein, Gordon Sd, Howard J. Edenberg

, Josephine Elia, Green Ek, Sean Ennis, Bruno Etain, Greenwood Ta, Ayman Fanous, Grice De, Anne E. Farmer, In Nicol Ferrier, Matthew Flickinger, Buccola Ng, Janice M. Fullerton, Eric Fombonne, Tatiana Foroud, Josef Frank, Haines Jl, Barbara Franke

, Hamilton Sp, Christine Fraser, Hamshere Ml, Robert Freedman, Nelson B. Freimer, Buitelaar Jk, Christine M. Freitag, Hansen Tf, Marion Friedl, Louise Frisén, Hartmann Am, Pablo V. Gejman, Louise Gallagher, Heath Ac, Henders Ak, Lyudmila Georgieva, Elliot S. Gershon, Bunney We, Daniel H. Geschwind, Ina Giegling, Hickie Ib, Michael Gill, Buxbaum Jd, Scott D. Gordon, Holmans Pa, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Elaine K. Green, Byerley Wf, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Byrne Em, Dorothy E. Grice, Hottenga Jj, Magdalena Gross, Hultman Cm, Detelina Grozeva, Weihua Guan, Cantor Rm, Hugh Gurling, Anna K. Kaehler, Jonathan L. Haines, Hakon Hakonarson, Jones Eg, Steven P. Hamilton, Joachim Hallmayer, L. De Haan, Marian L. Hamshere, Tzeng Jy, Thomas F. Hansen

, Annette M. Hartmann, Kähler Ak, Martin Hautzinger, Cloninger Cr, Andrew C. Heath, Anjali K. Henders

, Kahn Rs, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Keller Mc, Maria Hipolito, Susanne Hoefels, Collier Da, Kennedy Jl, Peter A. Holmans, Witte J. Hoogendijk, Florian Holsboer, Lisa Jones, Cook Eh, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kirov Gk, Christina M. Hultman, Vanessa Hus, Blackwood Dhr, Ian Jones, Andres Ingason, Klauck Sm, Knowles Ja, Marcus Ising, Kohli Ma, Koller Dl, Edward G. Jones, Stéphane Jamain, Anna K. Kähler, Coryell Wh, Craig Dw, Jung-Ying Tzeng, Tw Muhleisen, René S. Kahn, Phil Hyoun Lee, Craig Iw, Radhika Kandaswamy, Matthew C. Keller, James L. Kennedy, B. Muller-Myhsok, Elaine Kenny, Niklas Langstrom, Cuccaro Ml, Lindsey Kent, Lawson Wb, Yunjung Kim, George K. Kirov, Ledbetter Dh, Sabine M. Klauck, Lambertus Klei, William Mcmahon, James A. Knowles, Martin A. Kohli, Lee Ph, Daniel L. Koller, Lesch Kp, Bettina Konte, Levinson Df, Ania Korszun, Lydia Krabbendam, Steven Mccarroll, Robert Krasucki, Niklas Långström, Lewis Cm, Jonna Kuntsi, Phoenix Kwan, Lieberman Ja, Mikael Landén, Kevin Mcghee, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Mark Lathrop, Jacob Lawrence, Lin Dy, William B. Lawson, De Geus Ej, Marion Leboyer, David H. Ledbetter, Linszen Dh, Phil Hong Lee, Todd Lencz

, James Mcgough, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Douglas F. Levinson, Lohoff Fw, Cathryn M. Lewis, Loo Sk, Jun Li, Lowe Jk, Paul Lichtenstein, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Patrick Mcgrath, Dan-Yu Lin, MacIntyre Dj, Don H. Linszen, Madden Pa, Chunyu Liu, Sebastian Zöllner, Magnusson Pk, Falk W. Lohoff, Sandra K. Loo, Mahon Pb, Catherine Lord, Melvin Mcinnis, Jennifer K. Lowe, Donohoe Gj, Susanne Lucae, Donald J. Macintyre, Malhotra Ak, Pamela Af F. Madden, Mane Sm, Elena Maestrini, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Martin Cl, Pamela B. Mahon, Martin Ng, Wolfgang Maier, Anil K. Malhotra, Doyle Ae, Shrikant M. Mane, McCarroll Sa, Christa L. Martin, Nicholas G. Martin

, McGhee Ka, Manuel Mattheisen

, McGough Jj, Keith Matthews, Morten Mattingsdal, McGrath Pj, Steven A. McCarroll, McInnis Mg, Kevin A. McGhee, Thomas W. Muehleisen, James Jj McGough, Ebstein Rp, Patrick J. McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Edenberg Hj, Melvin G. McInnis, McLean Aw, Andrew McIntosh

, Rebecca McKinney, McMahon Fj, Bertram Mueller-Myhsok, Alan W. McLean, Francis J. McMahon

, F. J. Mcmahon, William M. McMahon, W. M. Mcmahon, Andrew McQuillin, Farmer Ae, Helena Medeiros, Medland Se, Sarah E. Medland, Ferrier In, Sandra Meier, Ingrid Melle, Middeldorp Cm, Fan Meng, Jobst Meyer, Christel M. Middeldorp

, Monaco Ap, Lefkos Middleton, Sergeant Ja, Vihra Milanova, Montgomery Gw, Ana Miranda, Anthony P. Monaco, Moran Jl, Grant W. Montgomery, Morris Dw, Jennifer L. Moran, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Morrow Em, Gunnar Morken, Derek W. Morris

, Markus M. Noethen, Mühleisen Tw, Eric M. Morrow, Valentina Moskvina, Myers Rm, Pierandrea Muglia, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Walter J. Muir, Neale Mc, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Michael Murtha, Nelson Sf, Richard M. Myers, Nievergelt Cm, Inez Myin-Germeys, Michael C. Neale, Nolen Wa, Nöthen Mm, Stan F. Nelson, Caroline M. Nievergelt

, Ivan Nikolov, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Nurnberger Ji, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Willem A. Nolen, Nwulia Ea, Nyholt Dr, Markus M. Nöthen, John I. Nurnberger, Philip B. Mitchell, Evaristus A. Nwulia, Oades Rd, Colm O'Dushlaine, Daniel Moreno De-Luca, Robert D. Oades, Ophoff Ra, Ann Olincy, Guiomar Oliveira, Owen Mj, Line Olsen, Roel A. Ophoff, Parr Jr, Dale R. Nyholt

, Urban Osby, Paterson Ad, Michael J. Owen, Aarno Palotie, Jeremy R. Parr, Pato Cn, Andrew D. Paterson, Carlos N. Pato, Pato Mt, Michele T. Pato, Penninx Bw, Brenda W. Penninx, Pergadia Ml, Michele L. Pergadia, Sebastian Zoellner, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Pericak Vance Ma, Benjamin S. Pickard, Pickard Bs, Jonathan Pimm, Joseph Piven, Robert C. Thompson, Danielle Posthuma, James B. Potash, Potash Jb, Fritz Poustka, Peter Propping, Quested Dj, Vinay Puri, Digby J. Quested, Emma M. Quinn, Quinn Em, Ramos Quiroga Ja, Henrik B. Rasmussen, Karola Rehnstroem, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Rasmussen Hb, Andreas Reif, Rice Jp, Karola Rehnström, Marta Ribasés, Sergeant Joseph, John P. Rice, Marcella Rietschel, Kathryn Roeder, Markus Nöthen, Herbert Roeyers, Lizzy Rossin, Aribert Rothenberger, Sanders Ar, Guy Rouleau, Douglas Ruderfer

, Sanders Sj, Dan Rujescu, Alan R. Sanders, Santangelo Sl, Sergeant J. A., Stephan J. Sanders

, Joseph A. Sergeant, Susan L. Santangelo, Joseph A. Sargeant, Joseph A., Schatzberg Af, Russell Schachar, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Martin Schalling, Scheftner Wa, Alan F. Schatzberg, William A. Scheftner, Schellenberg Gd, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Scherer Sw, Stephen W. Scherer, Schork Nj, Nicholas J. Schork, Wei Xu, Iibdgc, Thomas G. Schulze, Allan H. Young, Schulze Tg, Johannes Schumacher, Markus Schwarz, Peter R. Schofield, Timothy W. Yu, Edward Scolnick, Laura J. Scott, Stanley Zammit

, Scott Lj, Jianxin Shi, Shilling Pd, Peter Pp Zandi, Paul D. Shilling, Stanley I. Shyn, Peng Zhang, Shyn Si, Jeremy M. Silverman, Silverman Jm, Susan L. Slager, Frans G. Zitman, Slager Sl, Susan L. Smalley, Johannes H. Smit, Smalley Sl, Erin N. Smith, Smit Jh, Edmund Js S. Sonuga-Barke, David St Clair, Smith En, Matthew State, Sonuga Barke Ej, Michael Steffens, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, R. C. Thompson, John S. Strauss, Eric Robert Thompson, Naomi R. Wray

, Jana Strohmaier, Steinhausen Hc, Ts Scott Stroup, Michael O’Donovan, James S. Sutcliffe, Peter Szatmari, Strauss Js, Szabocls Szelinger, Stroup Ts, Srinivasa Thirumalai, Sutcliffe Js, Alexandre Aa Todorov, Thompson Rc, Federica Tozzi, Duan Jb, Jens Treutlein, Manfred Uhr, Todorov Aa, T. Scott Stroup, G. Van Grootheest, Gerard Van Grootheest, J. Van Os, van den Oord Ej, Astrid M. Vicente, Vicente Am, Veronica J. Vieland, Vieland Vj, John B. Vincent, Vincent Jb, Peter M. Visscher, Visscher Pm, Christopher A. Walsh, Walsh Ca, Thomas H. Wassink, Wassink Th, Stanley J. Watson, Myrna Mm Weissman, Watson Sj, Thomas Werge, A. Jeremy Willsey, Thomas F. Wienker, Weissman Mm, Ellen M. Wijsman, Gonneke Willemsen, Wienker Tf, Nigel Williams, Wijsman Em, Aj Jeremy Willsey, Stephanie H. Witt, Willsey Aj, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (Iibdgc, Witt Sh, Young Ah, Yu Tw, Zandi Pp, Zitman Fg, Edmund Barke, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (Iibdgc), Kelsoe Jr, Bernie Devlin, John R. Kelsoe, Daly Mj, Pamela Sklar, O'Donovan Mc, Mark J. Daly, inlcuding The Following Author:, Michael C. O'Donovan

, Nicholas Craddock, Sullivan Pf, Patrick F. Sullivan, Smoller Jw, Jordan W. Smoller, Cross-Disorder Grp Psychiat Genomi, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kendler Ks, Wray Nr, Int Inflammatory Bowel Dis Genetic, And Other

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Abstract

Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 +/- 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 +/- 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 +/- 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 +/- 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 +/- 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.

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Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs.

Abstract