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Hindawi, BioMed Research International, (2014), p. 1-8, 2014

DOI: 10.1155/2014/964964

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Regulation of CDK9 Activity by Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation

Journal article published in 2014 by Sergei Nekhai ORCID, Michael Petukhov ORCID, Denitra Breuer ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

HIV-1 transcription is regulated by CDK9/cyclin T1, which, unlike a typical cell cycle-dependent kinase, is regulated by associating with 7SK small nuclear ribonuclear protein complex (snRNP). While the protein components of this complex are well studied, the mechanism of the complex formation is still not fully understood. The association of CDK9/cyclin T1 with 7SK snRNP is, in part, regulated by a reversible CDK9 phosphorylation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the kinases and phosphatases involved in CDK9 phosphorylation and discuss their role in regulation of HIV-1 replication and potential for being targeted for drug development. We propose a novel pathway of HIV-1 transcription regulation via CDK9 Ser-90 phosphorylation by CDK2 and CDK9 Ser-175 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-1.