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Oxford University Press, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7(197), p. 1000-1005, 2008

DOI: 10.1086/528806

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Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection onStreptococcus pneumoniaeColonization and Seroepidemiology among Zambian Women

Journal article published in 2008 by C. J. Gill, V. Mwanakasale, M. P. Fox, R. Chilengi, M. Tembo, M. Nsofwa, V. Chalwe, L. Mwananyanda, D. Mukwamataba, B. Malilwe, D. Champo, W. B. Macleod ORCID, D. M. Thea ORCID, D. H. Hamer
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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal colonization precedes invasive pneumococcal disease. HIV infection increases rates of invasive disease; its effect on colonization is unknown. In a longitudinal cohort of HIV-positive/negative Zambian mothers, HIV increased the risk of colonization (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8) and repeated colonizations (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3), and reduced time to new colonization (p=0.01). Repeated colonizations with homologous sero/factor-types occurred only among HIV-positive mothers. Pediatric serotypes 6, 19 and 23 accounted for the excess colonization in the HIV-positive mothers. HIV significantly increases the risk of pneumococcal colonization. Increased colonization by pediatric serotypes suggests a potential role for the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine.