The endothelium transcends all clinical disciplines and is key to the function of every organ system. A crucial, but poorly understood role of the endothelium is its ability to control the transport of energy supply according to organ needs. Fatty acids (FAs) in particular represent a key energy source that is utilized by a number of tissues, but whose utilization must be tightly regulated to avoid potentially deleterious consequences of excess accumulation, including insulin resistance. Recent studies have identified key endothelial signaling mechanisms involving vascular endothelial growth factor B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and the peptide ligand apelin, that are critical to endothelial regulation of FA transport. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which these signaling pathways regulate this key endothelial function.