The present study investigated the effects of pubertal status on peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and ventilatory threshold (VT) in young soccer players using different body size descriptors. Seventy-nine soccer players (14 prepubescent, 38 pubescent and 27 postpubescent) participated in this study. A maximal exercise test was performed to determine the VO_2peak, RCP, and VT. Ultrasonography was used to measure lower limb muscle volume (LLMV). LLMV (mL-b) was rated as the most effective body size descriptor to normalize VO_2peak (mLO²•mL^-0.43•min^-1), RCP (mLO²•mL^-0.48•min^-1), and VT (mLO²•mL^-0.40•min^-1). The values of VO_2peak, RCP, and VT relative to allometric exponents derived by LLMV were similar among groups (p > .05; 0.025 < η² < 0.059) when the effect of chronological age was controlled. Allometric VO_2peak, RCP, and VT values were: 100.1 ± 7.9, 107.5 ± 9.6, and 108.0 ± 10.3 mLO².mL^-0.43•min^-1; 51.8 ± 5.3, 54.8 ± 4.7, and 57.3 ± 5.8 mLO²•mL-0.48•min^-1; and 75.7 ± 7.1, 79.4 ± 7.0, and 80.9 ± 8.3 mLO²•mL^-0.40•min^-1 for prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal groups, respectively. Maturity status showed no positive effect on VO_2peak, RCP, and VT when the data were properly normalized by LLMV in young soccer players. Allometric normalization using muscle volume as a body size descriptor should be used to compare aerobic fitness between soccer players heterogeneous in chronological age, maturity status, and body size.